Informatics Publishing Limited

Komal

Abstract

The ever increasing growth of user demand, the limitations of the third generation of wireless mobile communication systems and the emergence of new mobile broadband technologies on the market have brought researchers and industries to a thorough reflection on the fourth generation. A pragmatic definition of 4G derived from a new user-centric methodology that considers the user as the "cornerstone" of the design. In this way, the fundamental user scenarios that implicitly reveal the key features of 4G, which are then expressed explicitly in a new framework-the "user-centric" system that describes the various level of interdependency among them. This approach consequently contributes to the identification of the real technical step-up of 4G with respect to 3G. It is supposed to provide its customers with better speed and all IP based multimedia services. 4G is all about an integrated, global network that will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis.

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Swapan Garain ¹, Komal ¹

Affiliations
1 Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, IN

Abstract

According to World Bank Development Indicator Report of 2004, about 300 million people in India live below poverty line. This section of Indian population is socially, economically and politically disadvantaged. In order to empower them, Governmental and Non-governmental voluntary agencies, business houses and philanthropic individuals have been focusing on employment generation and creating means of livelihood for them. Attempts have been made to generate income and employment for them in sectors such as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSME), urban informal sector, and non-profit institutes. But one needs to observe whether or not in the process of employment generation in issues such as viability of such tiny entrepreneurial models, social compliance, environmental concern and long term sustainability of economic activities get compromised and lost. Absence of any appropriate and regulatory mechanisms for said sectors may have been further aggravating those issues.

The paper will impinge upon the critical need for addressing the long term sustainability of business activities being promoted under the camouflage of social mission of development organisations. The paper argues against those businesses that operate on the common pretext of being engaged in social sector, addressing needs of the poor and dispossessed, working on vulnerability and social exclusion but not able to pay much attention to environmental and sustainability issues. This paper suggests that since nonprofit organizations are far from being economical and environmentally viable, it is necessary to look into aspects of the sustainability and environmental perspective of business activities of these NGOs.

Now the challenge is to combine issues of livelihood and employment with the objective of sustainability and environmental protection. The paper provides some cases of NGO's which are working meaning fully for the environment and sustainability.

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Shiv Sutar ¹, Swapnita Patil ², Jayesh Sarnaik ², Priyanka ², Komal ²

Affiliations
1 MIT College of Engineering, Pune, IN
2 MITCOE, Pune, IN

Abstract

With the recent advancements in technology, it is expected that the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) will be used in most of the commonly used applications which include consumer electronics, PC peripherals, home automation, home security, personal healthcare, toys and games, intelligent agriculture. In this paper, we explore the applicability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a real life context such as for modern agricultural approach to monitor and control soil moisture, soil fertility level and pest growth. Based on a detailed exploration of information needs, we design a series of precise use cases, provide system design, implementation and present a simulation including an interface to wireless sensors for amateurs. We suggest automation of environment monitoring and control, and of tasks that would demand too much time and resources if manually done. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consisting of nodes with limited power are deployed to gather useful information from the field. In WSNs it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient manner. Using Ant Colony Algorithm we try to make the aggregation energy efficient.

Keywords

Sensor Nodes, Ant Colony Algorithm, Drip Irrigation, Fertilizer Tank, Sprinkler.

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Swapan Garain ¹, Komal ²

Affiliations
1 Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN
2 GAIL (India) Limited, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

In a developing country like India, village centric development is very critical for improving Human Development Index of the country. In this direction, corporate contribution assumes significance for rehabilitation and resettlement of project affected people and overall intervention under its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. Since India is a country of villages, CSR has to be more sensitive towards the economic, social and cultural needs of rural society of the country.

In this paper, it is proposed to gear all interventions for promoting model villages. Model village presents a credible vehicle for bringing about sustainability of a village community unit. A model village must have three significant components of infrastructure development, livelihood promotion and provision of services. Infrastructure development must cater to creating basic physical as well as social infrastructure like approach road, school building, community centre and social capital. Promotion of livelihood includes skill training, self-employment, employment opportunities and village enterprise development, while provision for services for the villagers includes health care, education, sanitation, recreational and other community services. Model village plan envisages a self-contained village community at the apex of all the pillars of sustainability, namely, livelihood, infrastructure and services. The future of Indian economy and the prospect of industry are going to depend largely on building sustainable and self-maintained smallest self-governing units called model villages.

Keywords

Model Village, CSR, Social Development, Village, Corporate Social Responsibility, Participatory, India, NGO, CBO.

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Shivani Datta ¹, Neeru Singh ¹, Bhavya ¹, Komal ¹, Shivangi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, K.N.C., University of Delhi, Delhi, IN

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt was made to test the impact of schematic augmentation using techniques of verbalization and labeling on primary recognition for schemas inconsistent information. Overall the results indicated a significant effect of different communication techniques focusing on cognitive elaboration on the resultant augmentation of schematic structure.

Keywords

Schemas, Labeling, Verbalization, Gender Consistent, Gender Inconsistent.

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