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- Ajay Chhabra
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- Krishma Sharda
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- Gurkirat Singh Grewal
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- Deepti Garg Jindal
- Himanshu Singh
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Journals
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Jindal, Varun
- Comparison of Apical Transportation, Centering Ability and Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Four Rotary File Systems
Abstract Views :235 |
PDF Views:93
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 3, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 12-19Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical transportation, centering ability and cyclic fatigue resistance of Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems. Methods: Mesiobuccal ischolar_mains of eighty maxillary molars were divided into four groups and instrumented with Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems with a final apical size being 25/.04. Apical deviation was assessed by the radiographic platform method that enables obtaining superimposed images of the first and last instrument used in ischolar_main canal preparation in the same radiograph. Apical transportation was measured in millimeters with the aid of theAUTOCAD2008 software. Forty canals were sectioned at 7mm from the apex and stereomicroscopic Images were taken at 6x magnification before and after instrumentation for evaluation of centering ability. The cyclic fatigue testing was conducted with the instrument rotating freely at angles of curvature of 45 degree. Total 10 instruments were tested in each group. The instruments were rotated at 400 rpm using the X-smart motor (Dentsply, Maillefer) until fracture occurred. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in apical transportation and centering ability whereas twisted files showed the maximum cyclic fatigue resistance. Conclusion: The different rotary file systems provided minimum canal transportation and the twisted file performed significantly better in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance.Keywords
Apical Transportation, Centering Ability, Cyclic Fatigue, Rotary File.- In-Vivo Clinical Evaluation of Regenerative Endodontics in Immature Necrotic Permanent Teeth with Open Apex
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:88
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 3, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 26-33Abstract
Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate clinical and radiographic findings induced by revascularization with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Methods: Twenty patients with nonvital, immature anterior teeth were randomly categorized into 2 groups. Subsequent to minimal instrumentation of the ischolar_main canal, disinfection was achieved with ledermix paste and followed by revascularization with and without PRPin groups I and II, respectively. The cases were followed up clinically and radiographically at 6- and 12-month intervals. Results: Clinically, all cases were asymptomatic with complete resolution of signs and symptoms (except four cases which were considered as dropout). Radiographically, there was no significant difference in periapical healing, apical closure, and dentinal wall thickening in group I in comparison with group II. However, ischolar_main lengthening was comparable for both of the procedures. Conclusions: Revascularization is a conservative and an effective method for inducing maturogenesis in nonvital, immature teeth. Supplementations with PRP can potentially improve the desired biological outcome of this regenerative procedure.Keywords
Apical Closure Regenerative, Revascularization, Scaffold.- To Determine the Functional Efficacy of LED Units in Various Clinical Offices
Abstract Views :196 |
PDF Views:93
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 3, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 34-38Abstract
Aim: Light units used for polymerization of resin composites are subject to deterioration with age, and frequent maintenance is required to maintain optimal efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of LED units in private dental offices in Baddi (H.P) for polymerization of resin composites. Materials andMethods: Twenty dental officesmet all selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study.To measure light intensity, an analogue radiometer was used. The probe of each LED unit was placed and then measurements of light intensities were recorded for each light unit and the data was statistically analysed. Results: The light intensity of the individual units varied widely. The results revealed that there was error of 35% and a standard deviation of 155.76 among the intensities of various LED Units checked in the study. Conclusions: Light polymerization units in private dental offices displayed a wide range in light intensity, and many had below-recommended levels. A positive linear relationship was found between light intensity and photoactivation effectiveness. Dentists should regularly monitor the condition of light units and replace deteriorating parts.Keywords
Composite, LED, Wavelength, Polymerisation.- Effect of High Temperature on Composite as Post Endodontic Restoration in Forensic Analysis-An in Vitro Study
Abstract Views :180 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 2, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 84-90Abstract
Aim:The present study was done to evaluate and compare the effect of different temperatures (400° C, 800° C and 1000° C) on Composite as post endodontic restoration using Naked eye, Digital camera and Radiovisiography (RVG) in forensic analysis. Methodolody:An in vitro study was conducted on 42 human teeth with composite as post endodontic restoration exposed to three temperature ranges: 400°C, 800°C and 1,000°C. Results:Composite material studied in the present research offered great resistance to high temperatures, without exhibiting considerable macrostructure variation, in such a way that physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks, fractures, texture, color, carbonization and incineration) can be identified and associated to each specific temperature range. Conclusion:Dental tissues and materials offer great resistance to the effect of high temperatures. Moreover, they present specific changes (color, texture, fissures, cracks fractures, fragmentation) which might contribute to the process of identifying a corpse, or burned, incinerated or carbonized human remains.Keywords
Composite, Forensic Analysis, Incineration.- Removal of Gutta-Percha from the Root Canals Using Three Different Rotary Files
Abstract Views :340 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College & Hosptal, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College & Hosptal, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 1, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 159-162Abstract
In case of failed ischolar_main canal treatment endodontic retreatment of the ischolar_main canal system is necessary. The aim of the present study was to compare the gutta-percha removal with Protaper retreatment files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), K3 (SybronEndo) and Hero Shapers (MicroMega, Besancon, France). Method: Thirty freshly extracted human single ischolar_mained teeth were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments up to file F3 andfilled with 30 # GP cones and AH plus sealer. The teeth were then stored for 1 week. The teeth were divide into 3 retreatment groups (n=10). The gutta-percha was removed using Protaper retreatment files, K3 and Hero Shapers. Teeth were then evaluated using radiographs. Results: Comparing the ratio between clean canals Protaper and K3 showed better debris removal as compared to Hero shaper. But no significance difference was found.Keywords
Gutta Percha, Endodontics, RC Sealer.- Teaching Model for Electronic Apex Locators
Abstract Views :351 |
PDF Views:91
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 1, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 169-172Abstract
The determination of working length in one of the most important steps in ischolar_main canal treatment. Failure in determining the correct working length increases the failure probability of RCT. The anatomic apical constriction is located approximately 0.5-1 mm short of major foramen and this makes it difficult to accurately localize the foramen and constriction radiographically. Electronic apex locators are a boon in locating anatomic apex. However it requires intensive practical exercises, before performing endodontic procedures on patients for the first time. The major challenge is to simulate a condition that helps students to transfer their knowledge acquired from pre-clinical labs to the clinical setups. The aim of this study is to develop an accurate, reliable endodontic teaching model which enables the use of EAIs to allow accurate evaluation of endodontic working length.Keywords
Tooth Apex, Electronics, Radiography.- Comparison between Prescription of Regular or On-Demand Ibuprofen on Postoperative Pain after Single-Visit Root Canaltreatment of Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis
Abstract Views :243 |
PDF Views:94
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, H.P., IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, H.P., IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 4, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 44-48Abstract
Purpose: Prevention and management of post endodontic pain (PEP) is an integral part of endodontic treatment. NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen, Ketorolac are the most common medications used for managing pain after ischolar_main canal treatment. So the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of pain relief on regular versus on demand prescription of ibuprofen after single-visit ischolar_main canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials & Methodology: The study was performed on twenty patients. Root canal treatment was performed and all the patients were given a ''rescue bag'' that contained 8 tablets of400 mg ibuprofen and then divided into two groups. In the group 1-patients were instructed to use ibuprofen tablets if they felt pain and in the group 2-patients were instructed to take ibuprofen regularly after every 6 hours for at least three days. Patients were instructed to complete a form to rate their pain at 24 and 48 hours after the ischolar_main canal treatment and were also asked to record the number of analgesic tablets they had taken. Records were collected and statistically analysed. Results: The patients' pain levels in groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours after ischolar_main canal treatment. The number of analgesic medications used by the patients in group 2 was significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: Regular prescription of ibuprofen had no significant effect on postoperative pain compared with on-demand use of ibuprofen in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.Keywords
Single Visit Root Canal Treatment, Pain, Ibuprofen, Irreversible Pulpitis, Analgesics, NSAIDs.References
- Krishnaprasada L, Jayanth M Nambiar. A Comparative evaluation of the Efficacay of two oral medication on post operative pain following single visit ischolar_main canal therapy - An in vivo study. Int J Med Sci2013;5(2):01-04.
- Rosenberg PA. Clinical strategies for managing endodontic pain. Endod Topics. 2002;3:78-92.
- Masoud Parirokh, Mohammad Hosein Yosefi, Nouzar Nakhaee, Hamed Manochehrifar, Paul V. Abbott and Farshid Reza Forghani. Effect of Bupivacaine on Postoperative Pain for InferiorAlveolar Nerve BlockAnesthesia after Single-visit Root Canal Treatment in Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod 2012;38(8):1035-1039.
- HershEV, Moore PA, Ross GL. Over-the-counter analgesics & antipyretics: a critical assessment. Clin Ther 2000; 22(5):500- 548.
- Fox J, Atkinson JS, Dinin AP, Greenfield E, Hechtman E, Reeman CA. Incidence of pain following one-visit endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970; 30(1):123-130.
- A. J. van Wijk and J. Hoogstraten. Reducing fear of pain associated with endodontic therapy. Int Endod J 2006;5(39):384-388.
- M. P. M. A. Duyx and A. J. van Wijk. The effect of written information on pain experience during periodontal probing. J Clin Periodontal 2004;31(4):282-285.
- Pozzi A, Gallelli L. Pain Management for Dentists: The Role ofIbuprofen.Ann Stomatol (Roma) 2011; 2(3-4 Suppl): 3-24.
- Moore PA, Dunsky JL. Bupivacaine anesthesia: a clinical trial for endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:176-179.
- Keiser K, Byrne BE. Endodontic pharmacology. In: Hargreaves KM, Cohen S, eds.Pathways of the Pulp, 10th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2011:671-690.
- Ong HT, Ong LM, Tan TE. Cardiovascular effects of common analgesics. Med J Malaysia 2013;68:189-194.
- Sinha M, Gautam L, Shukla PK. Current perspectives in NSAID-inducedgastropathy. JIr MedSci.2013:258-209.
- Torabinejad M, Bahjri K. Essential elements of evidenced- based endodontics: steps involved in conducting clinical research. JEndod2005; 31(8):563-569.
- Pak JG, White SN. Pain prevalence and severity before, during, and after ischolar_main canal treatment: a systematic review. J Endod 2011;37:429-438.
- Su Y, Wang C, Ye L. Healing rate and post-obturation pain of single- versus multiple visit endodontic treatment for infected ischolar_main canals: a systematic review. J Endod 2011;37:125-132.
- Roane JB, Dryden JA, Grimes EW. Incidence ofpostoperative pain after single- and multiple-visit endodontic procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983;55(1):68-72.
- Fox J, Atkinson JS, Dinin AP. Incidence of pain following one- visit endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1970;30:123-30.
- Yingying Su, Chenglin Wang and Ling Ye. Healing Rate and Post-obturation Pain of Single- versus Multiple-visit Endodontic Treatment for Infected Root Canals: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2011;37(2):125-132.
- Attar S, Bowles WR, Baisden MK, Hodges JS, McClanahan SB. Evaluation of pretreatment analgesia and endodontic treatment for postoperative endodontic pain. J Endod 2008;34(6):652-655.
- Parirokh M, Rekabi AR, Ashouri R, Rekabi AR. Effect of occlusal reduction on postoperative pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis and mild tenderness to percussion. J Endod 2013;39:1-5.
- Torabinejad M, Bahjri K. Essential elements of evidenced- based endodontics: steps involved in conducting clinical research. J Endod 2005;31:563-9.
- Su Y, Wang C, Ye L. Healing rate and post-obturation pain of single- versus multiplevisit endodontic treatment for infected ischolar_main canals:Asystematic review. J Endod 2011;37:125-32.
- Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer H. The prevalence of postoperative pain and flare-up in single- and multiple-visit endodontic treatment: A systematic review. Int Endod J.2008;41:91-9.
- Alonso-Ezpeleta LO, Gasco-Garcia C, Castellanos-Cosano L. Post-operative pain after one-visit ischolar_main-canal treatment on teeth with vital pulps: comparison of three different obturation techniques. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012;17(4):721-7.
- Agenesis of Bilateral Permanent Mandibular Canine: a Rare Case Report
Abstract Views :301 |
PDF Views:99
Authors
Deepti Garg Jindal
1,
Varun Jindal
2,
Himanshu Singh
3,
Swati Gautam
4,
Ishita Bhojia
4,
Arjun Chaudhary
5
Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. M. Dental College & Hospital, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
5 Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. M. Dental College & Hospital, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
5 Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 4, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 56-58Abstract
Hypodontia is the congenital absence of less than six teeth because of agenesis. Congenital absence of tooth (hypodontia) from the dental arch, may occur with any tooth, most commonly being third molars , however, absence of permanent mandibular canine is rare. The absence of teeth may be unilateral or bilateral. There are reports showing unilateral occurrence of permanent mandibular canines but agenesis of bilateral mandibular canines is not well documented in the literature and comprehensive review of literature shows paucity of data pertaining to this anomaly. Here we report one such rare case of congenitally missing mandibular permanent canines bilaterally.Keywords
Hypodontia,ToothAgenesis, Oligodontia, Permanent, Mandibular, Canines.References
- Endo T, Ozoe R, Kubota M, Akiyama M, Shimooka S. A survey of hypodontia in Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 129(1): 29-35.
- Backman B, Wahlin YB. Variations in number and morphology of permanent teeth in 7- year-old Swedish children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001; 11(1): 11-7.
- Rose JS. A survey of congenitally missing teeth, excluding third molar in 6000 orthodontic patients. Dent Rec. 1966; 17: 107-14.
- Marinelli A, Giuntini V, Franchi L, Tollaro I, Baccetti T, et al. Dental anomalies in the primary dentition and their repetition in the permanent dentition: a diagnostic performance study. Odontology 2012; 100: 22-7.
- Brook AH. Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and enviromental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental develolpment. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54: s3-17.
- Bergostrom K. An orthopantomographic study of hypodontia, supernumeraries and other anomalies in school children between the ages of 8-9 years.An epidemiological study. Swed Dent J 1977; 1: 145-57.
- Davis PJ. Hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth in Hongkong's school children.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1987; 15: 218-20.
- Fukuta Y, Totsuka M, Takeda Y, Yamamoto H. Congenital absence of permanent canine: a clinico-statistically study. J Oral Sci. 2004; 46(4): 247-52.
- Muller TP, Hill IN, Peterson AC, Blayney JR. A survey of congenitally missing permanent teeth. JAmDentAssoc. 1970; 81: 101-7.
- Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE (2009) Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. (3rdedn), Saunders.
- Stewart RE, Barber TK, Troutman KC, Wei SHY (1982) Pediatric dentistry, scientific foundations and clinical practice. Mosby co, St Louis.
- Kohli A, Gupta K, Singh G, Sharma K Congenitally Missing Bilateral Permanent Mandibular Canines. Rama Univ J Dent Sci. 2015; 2(2): 29-30.
- Birnboim-Blau G, Spierer S, Keinan D. Congenital Bilateral Missing Primary Mandibular Canines while their Successors Exist:ACase Report. Dentistry 2014; 4: 224.
- Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Premolars in North Indian Population Using Tooth Clearing Technique - an in Vitro Study
Abstract Views :197 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Gurkirat Singh Grewal
1,
Ajay Chhabra
1,
Varun Jindal
1,
Simran Pal Singh Bindra
1,
Vandana Chhabra
2,
Damanpreet
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SKSS Dental College, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SKSS Dental College, Punjab, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 3, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 140-147Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the ischolar_main canal morphology of mandibular premolars in Northern region of India using a decalcification and clearing technique. Method: Three hundred extracted human mandibular premolars, collected from dental clinics within North India were selected for this study. Following pulp tissue removal, India ink was injected into the ischolar_main canals and the teeth were decalcified with 5% nitric acid, dehydrated with ascending concentrations of alcohol and rendered clear by immersion in methyl salicylate. Cleared teeth were examined under 5X magnification and the following features were evaluated: (i) number and type of ischolar_main canals; (ii) presence and location of lateral canals and; (iii) location of apical foramina. Results: 84.2% of the specimens exhibited Type I canal pattern. Type VIII was not observed in any of the specimens. The lateral canals were in the apical third in 78.7% of the specimens followed by middle third in 16.5% and the cervical third in 4.7%. 82.7% of the specimens showed lateral position of the apical foramen. Conclusion: Mandibular premolar teeth present a wide variety of radicular features, with one ischolar_main and one canal being found in majority of the cases. An accurate knowlegde of the morphology of the ischolar_main canal is essential for proper diagnosis and successful treatment of endodontic cases.Keywords
Mandibular Premolars, Root Canal, Morphology, Vertucci's Classification, Tooth Clearing.- Effectiveness of Three Rotary NiTi Instruments and Hand Instrumentation in Removing Gutta Percha from Root Canals: an in Vitro Study
Abstract Views :195 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Dental Journal of Advance Studies, Vol 3, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 152-158Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to assess variation in the remaining filling material by radiographic analysis and the time taken for retreatment system, with H-files; the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System; Mtwo Retreatment system and the SybronEndo K3. Methods: 120 human mandibular premolars with single straight ischolar_main canals were prepared with rotary twisted files (up to size 40/0.04) using the crown down technique and filled by cold lateral compaction and the radiographs were taken. After one week, teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30). Gutta-Percha was removed using H-files, the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo system and the K3 System. After retreatment radiographs were taken for each sample and the remaining material was calculated for each canal third. Results: Rotary NiTi instruments were significantly faster than the hand instrumentation technique in performing the retreatment. In radiographic analysis there was significant difference in between the groups for coronal third in ProTaper group and for apical third in H-file group. Conclusions: In the radiographic analysis the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System left less filling material in the coronal third and the H-files left less filling material in apical third as compared to other groups. Rotary instruments worked faster than H files.Keywords
Retreatment, Radiograph, Protaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo System, K3 System, Hedstrom Files, Filling Material, Guttapercha.- Knowledge of Dental Practitioners towards Emergency Management of Avulsed Tooth in Punjab
Abstract Views :157 |
PDF Views:85
Authors
Simran Pal Singh Bindra
1,
Sunila Sharma
2,
Ajay Chhabra
1,
Varun Jindal
1,
Damanpreet
1,
Kamal Nabhi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN