Dental Journal of Advance Studies

Ramandeep ¹, Jaidev Singh Dhillon ², Sachin Passi ³, Raghav ⁴, Ajay Chhabra ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Christian Dental College, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Sukhmani Dental College & Hospital, Punjab, IN
4 Department of Neurosurgery, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Punjab, IN
5 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

To compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars reinforced with various bonded restorations and to study the type of fractures in various restorations. Methods: Forty extracted mandibular molars were endodontically treated. MOD (Mesio-Occluso-Distal) cavities were prepared and Mesio-Buccal cusp was reduced in all to provide cuspal coverage. All the teeth were then divided into 4 groups. The cavities in group 1(control) were filled with high copper amalgam. Group 2 was restored with direct resin composite. In group 3 after the priming and bonding procedures as in group 2, cavity surfaces were coated with flowable resin composite. Before curing a piece of polyethylene ribbon fiber was cut and coated with adhesive resin and was embedded inside the flowable composite. The resin composite was cured with visible light cure (VLC) gun. For group 4, restorations were done according to the recommendations provided by the manufacturers of SR Adoro (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composite material. Compressive fracture strength test was performed after at least 24 hours of the fabrication of the specimens, by application of compressive loading in a Universal testing machine, applied on the occlusal aspect of each specimen with a steel bar. The mean loads necessary to fracture were recorded in Newton and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Group 4 (indirect composite inlay) had the greater fracture resistance and group 1(Amalgam) had the poorest. Difference between group 1 and 3, group 1 and 4, group 2 and 4 were statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between group 1 and 2, group 2 and 3, group 3 and 4. Predominant type of fracture in group 1 and 3 was fracture of tooth below cemento enamel junction at tooth restoration interface without mesio buccal cusp involvement. In group 2 and 4, predominant fractures were of tooth below cemento enamel junction through center of restoration without mesio-buccal cusp involvement.

Keywords

Root Canal Treatment, MODcavity, Cusp Coverage,Amalgam, Composite, Indirect Composite, Fracture Resistance.

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Ankita Sood ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Arvind Arora ¹, Ankur Vats ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical transportation, centering ability and cyclic fatigue resistance of Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems. Methods: Mesiobuccal ischolar_mains of eighty maxillary molars were divided into four groups and instrumented with Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems with a final apical size being 25/.04. Apical deviation was assessed by the radiographic platform method that enables obtaining superimposed images of the first and last instrument used in ischolar_main canal preparation in the same radiograph. Apical transportation was measured in millimeters with the aid of theAUTOCAD2008 software. Forty canals were sectioned at 7mm from the apex and stereomicroscopic Images were taken at 6x magnification before and after instrumentation for evaluation of centering ability. The cyclic fatigue testing was conducted with the instrument rotating freely at angles of curvature of 45 degree. Total 10 instruments were tested in each group. The instruments were rotated at 400 rpm using the X-smart motor (Dentsply, Maillefer) until fracture occurred. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in apical transportation and centering ability whereas twisted files showed the maximum cyclic fatigue resistance. Conclusion: The different rotary file systems provided minimum canal transportation and the twisted file performed significantly better in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance.

Keywords

Apical Transportation, Centering Ability, Cyclic Fatigue, Rotary File.

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Prem Lata ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Damanpreet ¹, Arun Kumar Thakur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate clinical and radiographic findings induced by revascularization with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Methods: Twenty patients with nonvital, immature anterior teeth were randomly categorized into 2 groups. Subsequent to minimal instrumentation of the ischolar_main canal, disinfection was achieved with ledermix paste and followed by revascularization with and without PRPin groups I and II, respectively. The cases were followed up clinically and radiographically at 6- and 12-month intervals. Results: Clinically, all cases were asymptomatic with complete resolution of signs and symptoms (except four cases which were considered as dropout). Radiographically, there was no significant difference in periapical healing, apical closure, and dentinal wall thickening in group I in comparison with group II. However, ischolar_main lengthening was comparable for both of the procedures. Conclusions: Revascularization is a conservative and an effective method for inducing maturogenesis in nonvital, immature teeth. Supplementations with PRP can potentially improve the desired biological outcome of this regenerative procedure.

Keywords

Apical Closure Regenerative, Revascularization, Scaffold.

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Kamal Nabhi ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Damanpreet ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: Light units used for polymerization of resin composites are subject to deterioration with age, and frequent maintenance is required to maintain optimal efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of LED units in private dental offices in Baddi (H.P) for polymerization of resin composites. Materials andMethods: Twenty dental officesmet all selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study.To measure light intensity, an analogue radiometer was used. The probe of each LED unit was placed and then measurements of light intensities were recorded for each light unit and the data was statistically analysed. Results: The light intensity of the individual units varied widely. The results revealed that there was error of 35% and a standard deviation of 155.76 among the intensities of various LED Units checked in the study. Conclusions: Light polymerization units in private dental offices displayed a wide range in light intensity, and many had below-recommended levels. A positive linear relationship was found between light intensity and photoactivation effectiveness. Dentists should regularly monitor the condition of light units and replace deteriorating parts.

Keywords

Composite, LED, Wavelength, Polymerisation.

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Vandana Chhabra ¹, Ajay Chhabra ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SKSS Dental College & Hospital, Ludhiana, IN
2 Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry. Despite preoperative patient evaluation, proper tissue preparation and meticulous administration techniques many local and systemic complications with the local anesthesia or tooth extraction have been reported from time to time. Extension of dental infections from maxillary teeth and other nearby structures to orbital spaces and tissues surrounding the eye present a rare but serious problem with the potential for causing significant impairment. The practioner should be aware of the severe consequences that may result from tooth extraction or local anesthesia.

Keywords

Local Anesthesia, Ocular Complications, Tooth Extraction.

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Ajay Chhabra

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Krishma Sharda ¹, Varun Jindal ², Ajay Chhabra ², Damanpreet ², Dilpreet ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim:The present study was done to evaluate and compare the effect of different temperatures (400° C, 800° C and 1000° C) on Composite as post endodontic restoration using Naked eye, Digital camera and Radiovisiography (RVG) in forensic analysis. Methodolody:An in vitro study was conducted on 42 human teeth with composite as post endodontic restoration exposed to three temperature ranges: 400°C, 800°C and 1,000°C. Results:Composite material studied in the present research offered great resistance to high temperatures, without exhibiting considerable macrostructure variation, in such a way that physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks, fractures, texture, color, carbonization and incineration) can be identified and associated to each specific temperature range. Conclusion:Dental tissues and materials offer great resistance to the effect of high temperatures. Moreover, they present specific changes (color, texture, fissures, cracks fractures, fragmentation) which might contribute to the process of identifying a corpse, or burned, incinerated or carbonized human remains.

Keywords

Composite, Forensic Analysis, Incineration.

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Harleen Kaur Gill ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Ankur Vats ¹, Gurkirat Singh Grewal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College & Hosptal, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

In case of failed ischolar_main canal treatment endodontic retreatment of the ischolar_main canal system is necessary. The aim of the present study was to compare the gutta-percha removal with Protaper retreatment files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), K3 (SybronEndo) and Hero Shapers (MicroMega, Besancon, France). Method: Thirty freshly extracted human single ischolar_mained teeth were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments up to file F3 andfilled with 30 # GP cones and AH plus sealer. The teeth were then stored for 1 week. The teeth were divide into 3 retreatment groups (n=10). The gutta-percha was removed using Protaper retreatment files, K3 and Hero Shapers. Teeth were then evaluated using radiographs. Results: Comparing the ratio between clean canals Protaper and K3 showed better debris removal as compared to Hero shaper. But no significance difference was found.

Keywords

Gutta Percha, Endodontics, RC Sealer.

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Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Gurkirat Singh Grewal ¹, Harleen Kaur ¹, Sashi Paul ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The determination of working length in one of the most important steps in ischolar_main canal treatment. Failure in determining the correct working length increases the failure probability of RCT. The anatomic apical constriction is located approximately 0.5-1 mm short of major foramen and this makes it difficult to accurately localize the foramen and constriction radiographically. Electronic apex locators are a boon in locating anatomic apex. However it requires intensive practical exercises, before performing endodontic procedures on patients for the first time. The major challenge is to simulate a condition that helps students to transfer their knowledge acquired from pre-clinical labs to the clinical setups. The aim of this study is to develop an accurate, reliable endodontic teaching model which enables the use of EAIs to allow accurate evaluation of endodontic working length.

Keywords

Tooth Apex, Electronics, Radiography.

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Kamal Nabhi ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Damanpreet ¹, Simran Pal Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, H.P., IN

Abstract

Purpose: Prevention and management of post endodontic pain (PEP) is an integral part of endodontic treatment. NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen, Ketorolac are the most common medications used for managing pain after ischolar_main canal treatment. So the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of pain relief on regular versus on demand prescription of ibuprofen after single-visit ischolar_main canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials & Methodology: The study was performed on twenty patients. Root canal treatment was performed and all the patients were given a ''rescue bag'' that contained 8 tablets of400 mg ibuprofen and then divided into two groups. In the group 1-patients were instructed to use ibuprofen tablets if they felt pain and in the group 2-patients were instructed to take ibuprofen regularly after every 6 hours for at least three days. Patients were instructed to complete a form to rate their pain at 24 and 48 hours after the ischolar_main canal treatment and were also asked to record the number of analgesic tablets they had taken. Records were collected and statistically analysed. Results: The patients' pain levels in groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours after ischolar_main canal treatment. The number of analgesic medications used by the patients in group 2 was significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: Regular prescription of ibuprofen had no significant effect on postoperative pain compared with on-demand use of ibuprofen in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

Keywords

Single Visit Root Canal Treatment, Pain, Ibuprofen, Irreversible Pulpitis, Analgesics, NSAIDs.

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Gurkirat Singh Grewal ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Simran Pal Singh Bindra ¹, Vandana Chhabra ², Damanpreet ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SKSS Dental College, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the ischolar_main canal morphology of mandibular premolars in Northern region of India using a decalcification and clearing technique. Method: Three hundred extracted human mandibular premolars, collected from dental clinics within North India were selected for this study. Following pulp tissue removal, India ink was injected into the ischolar_main canals and the teeth were decalcified with 5% nitric acid, dehydrated with ascending concentrations of alcohol and rendered clear by immersion in methyl salicylate. Cleared teeth were examined under 5X magnification and the following features were evaluated: (i) number and type of ischolar_main canals; (ii) presence and location of lateral canals and; (iii) location of apical foramina. Results: 84.2% of the specimens exhibited Type I canal pattern. Type VIII was not observed in any of the specimens. The lateral canals were in the apical third in 78.7% of the specimens followed by middle third in 16.5% and the cervical third in 4.7%. 82.7% of the specimens showed lateral position of the apical foramen. Conclusion: Mandibular premolar teeth present a wide variety of radicular features, with one ischolar_main and one canal being found in majority of the cases. An accurate knowlegde of the morphology of the ischolar_main canal is essential for proper diagnosis and successful treatment of endodontic cases.

Keywords

Mandibular Premolars, Root Canal, Morphology, Vertucci's Classification, Tooth Clearing.

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Neelkamal ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Ajay Chhabra ¹, Damanpreet ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to assess variation in the remaining filling material by radiographic analysis and the time taken for retreatment system, with H-files; the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System; Mtwo Retreatment system and the SybronEndo K3. Methods: 120 human mandibular premolars with single straight ischolar_main canals were prepared with rotary twisted files (up to size 40/0.04) using the crown down technique and filled by cold lateral compaction and the radiographs were taken. After one week, teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30). Gutta-Percha was removed using H-files, the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo system and the K3 System. After retreatment radiographs were taken for each sample and the remaining material was calculated for each canal third. Results: Rotary NiTi instruments were significantly faster than the hand instrumentation technique in performing the retreatment. In radiographic analysis there was significant difference in between the groups for coronal third in ProTaper group and for apical third in H-file group. Conclusions: In the radiographic analysis the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System left less filling material in the coronal third and the H-files left less filling material in apical third as compared to other groups. Rotary instruments worked faster than H files.

Keywords

Retreatment, Radiograph, Protaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo System, K3 System, Hedstrom Files, Filling Material, Guttapercha.

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Simran Pal Singh Bindra ¹, Sunila Sharma ², Ajay Chhabra ¹, Varun Jindal ¹, Damanpreet ¹, Kamal Nabhi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Dental avulsion is characterized by the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket, with damage to the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, gingival and pulp tissues. The ideal treatment for an avulsed permanent tooth is its immediate replantation into the socket. However, in spite of its recognized therapeutic value, clinical experience has shown that immediate replantation rarely occurs due to factors associated to the accident itself, complex damage to the recipient site, or simply lack of knowledge or confidence of the general population and even professionals about Replantation procedures. The present study was carried out with an aim to assess the level of knowledge of emergency management of avulsed teeth among 209 Dental practitioners in the state of Punjab. The received questionnaires were analysed for the responses. The data showed that the knowledge of dental practitioners in the state was not up to date and efforts should be made to carry out various education programs for the same.

Keywords

Traumatic Dental Injuries, Avulsion, Replantation, Questionnaire.

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Vandana Chhabra ¹, Ajay Chhabra ², Girish Aggarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SKSS Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Dentoalveolar surgery is accompanied by a number of complications, one of these is bleeding. The majority of patients who bleed after extractions do not have any underlying haematological disorders and generally have had extractions previously without complications, suggesting a purely local factor in the occurrence of haemorrhage; e.g., local infection, traumatic surgery and noncompliance to postoperative instructions. Here we report a case of 14 year old female patient who reported to our department for ortho extraction and after atraumatic tooth extraction the blood continued to ooze for hours. All the local measures failed to control the oozing. Dengue has become a global problem since the second world war. No antiviral drugs or vaccine has been invented so far. The range of the disease appears to be expanding possibly due to climate change.

Keywords

Dengue, Bleeding, Extraction.

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