Biometrics and Bioinformatics

N. Vinoth ¹, J. Krishnan ², R. Malathi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Cardiovascular system is one of the main systems of our human body. There are several cardiovascular problems that have a significant effect on health expenditures in industrialized countries; moreover it reduces patient’s quality of life. In this point of view, current research focuses on detailed modeling of the cardiovascular system. Thus, this paper aims to present a model of the heart enhanced with a widespread model of the cardiovascular system. A mathematical description of this system can provide more insight. So computer-based simulation of the cardiovascular system is analyzed and simulation is done using matlab/simulink software. Instead of a hydraulic model, an inexpensive, compact and simple electrical circuit consisting of resistances, capacitances, inductances and diodes has been constructed, using parametric values that are transformed from hydraulic models. In order to obtain the more accurate model than those used in prior investigations in the literature, a baroreceptor model has been introduced. The model outputs are flow/pressure waveforms, which exhibit a similarity with physiological curves. The elastance was modeled in the form of sine wave which has a parameter H. The parameter H present in the sine wave was altered, corresponding arterial pressure is obtained. Optimal parameter H input to sin wave is found.

Keywords

Cardiovascular System, Heart, Modelling, Pressure.

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K. Padma priya ¹, J. Krishnan ², R. Malathi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering in Annamalai University, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering in Annamalai University, IN

Abstract

Vertebral fracture is the most common type of fragility fracture, even these are not clinically apparent. It is now recognized that they are associated with increased risk of future fracture, increased morbidity, and increased mortality. Vertebral fractures are common osteoporotic fractures, but current quantitative detection methods (morphometry) lack specificity. Vertebral fracture assessment is a method for imaging the spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to diagnose vertebral fractures. Vertebral fracture assessment exposes the patient to less radiation than conventional spine radiographs, with lower cost and greater convenience. Vertebrae were first classified by radiologists for vertebral fractures and differentiate them from other causes of vertebral deformities. The mild deformities are diagnosed. Fractured vertebrae were graded. AAM was used to provide a semi-automatic segmentation. The resulting segmentations were used for the classification algorithm. Classifier‟s measure of the fracture likelihood estimate was found. Statistical comparisons were done between the classifiers.

Keywords

Active Appearance Model (AAM), Bone Mineral Density, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Osteoporosis, Semi Quantitative Assessment, Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA).

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T. S. Murugesh ¹, J. Krishnan ¹, R. Malathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, IN

Abstract

The auto-rhythmic cells in the Rabbit heart beat at a wide range of frequencies (330-80 beats per minute) in culture, but in the whole heart they beat at a common frequency set by the normal sinus rhythm. For such a varied range of intrinsic frequencies in a large network of oscillators synchronization becomes much more difficult. Keeping this in mind, an attempt has been made with the help of electro physiology model of cardiac pacemaker cells to analyze the synchronization issue in the syncytium of the cardiac system. A single cell model of a rabbit sinoatrial node was simulated using Matlab package and it was found that the simulated results matched with the experimental findings. Being a sinoatrial nodal cell there exist a parameter for varying the frequency of the generated action potential. After a thorough study of the single cell model, cells were coupled via a coupling element that resembles Gap Junction conductance in real electrophysiology, thus a pair of cell is developed. The intrinsic frequencies of the cells were varied to all possible extents and it was observed that the cells were oscillating in a new frequency and thereby failed to synchronize. The significant role of gap junctions in establishing synchronization was carried out. These investigations emphasized the role of gap junction conductance in their role in synchronization.

Keywords

Action Potential, Cardiac Pacemaker Cell, Gap Junction Conductance, Intrinsic Frequency, Sinoatrial Node.

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