Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Iqbal, Rauf
- Gait Parameters in School Going Children Using a Marker-Less Approach
Abstract Views :208 |
PDF Views:65
Authors
Affiliations
1 Center of Excellence in Industrial and Product Design, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh 160 012, IN
2 National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai 400 087, IN
1 Center of Excellence in Industrial and Product Design, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh 160 012, IN
2 National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai 400 087, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 10 (2016), Pagination: 1668-1675Abstract
The burden of course work in Indian schools has exposed the school children to various postural/gait disorders due to heavy backpack. Therefore, it is paramount to develop a low cost, non-intrusive and reliable method for calculation of gait parameters. This study assessed the spatiotemporal parameters such as height of earlobe (HoE), stride length (SL) and stride width (SW) using the markerless sensor Kinect v2 and conventional techniques pursued in Indian clinics. Sixty school children (aged 11 to 15 years) were monitored through both the techniques while performing walking trials. To assess the agreement between the techniques Bland-Altman 95% bias, percentage error (PE), Pearson's correlation coefficients (r1) and concordance correlation coefficients (r2) were determined. Each parameter obtained from both techniques possessed strong correlation (r1 and 2 > 0.90). Gait analysis using the Kinect V2 sensor is an acceptable, unobtrusive and economical method. The effect of relative backpack weight (RBW), i.e. (bag weight to body weight percentage) and strategies of backpack packing recommended by the American Occupational Therapy Association on the selected parameters was studied. The effect of RBW on the variation in parameters was evaluated using the regression curve whereas the effect of proper packing was evaluated by paired sample T test. RBW has positive correlation with SW (r1 = 0.631), negative correlation with HoE (r1 = -0.387) but shows no correlation with SL. Recommended packing strategy of schoolbag by AOTA shows results to reduce the unwanted variation in gait parameters.Keywords
Packing, Heavy Backpack, Spatiotemporal Parameters, Kinect V2, School Children.Full Text
References
- MHRD, 2013; http://mhrd.gov.in/Department of School Education and Literacy/AR2013-14.pdf
- Grimmer, K., Dansie, B., Milanese, S., Pirunsan, U. and Trott, P., Adolescent standing postural response to backpack loads: a randomised controlled experimental study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2002, 3(1), 10; Song, Q., Yu, B., Zhang, C., Sun, W. and Mao, D., Effects of backpack weight on posture, gait patterns and ground reaction forces of male children with obesity during stair descent. Res. Sports Med., 2014, 22(2), 172–184.
- Negrini, S. and Carabalona, R., Backpacks on Schoolchildren’s perceptions of load, associations with back pain and factors determining the load. Spine, 2002, 27(2), 187–195.
- Hong, Y. and Brueggemann, G. P., Changes in gait patterns in 10year-old boys with increasing loads when walking on a treadmill. Gait Posture, 2000, 11(3), 254–259.
- Voll, H. J. and Klimt, F., On strain in children caused by carrying school bags. Das Offent Gesundheitswes, 1977, 39(7), 369.
- Tinsworth, D. K. and McDonald, J., Special study: Injuries and deaths associated with children’s playground equipment, Washington, DC, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2001.
- Hong, Y., Wong, A. S. and Robinson, P. D., Effects of load carriage on heart rate, blood pressure and energy expenditure in children. Ergonomics, 2000, 43(6), 717–727.
- Pascoe, D., Pascoe, D. E., Wang, Y. T., Shim, D. M. and Kim, C. K., Influence of carrying book bags on gait cycle and posture of youths. Ergonomics, 1997, 40(6), 631–641.
- Ramaprasad, M., Allias, J. and Raghuveer, A. K., Effect of backpack weight on postural angles in preadolescent children. Indian Paediatr., 2009, 47(7), 575–580.
- Motmans, R. R. and Tomlow, S., Trunk muscle activity in different modes of carrying schoolbags. Ergonomics, 2006, 49(2), 127–138.
- Johansson, G., Visual motion perception. Sci. Am., 1975, 232, 76–88.
- Heisele, B. and Woehler, C., Motion-based recognition of pedestrians in pattern recognition. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on IEEE, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 1325–1330.
- Hayashi, Y., Sakata, M., Nakao, T. and Ohno, T., Alphanumeric character recognition using a connectionist model with the pocket algorithm. Neural Networks Int. Joint Conf. IEEE, 1989, 2, 606.
- Huang, F. S., Wong, L. T., Wang, C. J. and Chung, J. M., Effect of backpack on selected gait parameters of primary school children. ISBS Conf. Proc. Arch., 2005, 1(1).
- Jafarnezhadgero, A., Farahpour, N. and Damavandi, M., The acute effects of the application of arch support insole on ground reaction forces during walking. J. Res. Rehabilitat. Sci., 2005, 11(3), 145–159.
- Corazza, S., Mundermann, L. and Andriacchi, T., Markerless motion capture method for the estimation of human body kinematics. 3D Analysis of Human Movement, 9th International Symposium, 2009, 28–30.
- Stone, E. and Skubic, M., Evaluation of an inexpensive depth camera for in-home gait assessment. J. Ambient Intell. Smart Environ., 2011, 3(4), 349–361.
- Stone, E. and Skubic, M., Unobtrusive, continuous, in-home gait measurement using the Microsoft Kinect. Biomed. Eng., IEEE Trans., 2013, 60(10), 2925–2932.
- Crea, S., Donati, M., Rossi, S., Oddo, C. and Vitiello, N., A wireless flexible sensorized insole for gait analysis. Sensors, 2014, 14(1), 1073–1093.
- Schmitz, A., Ye, B., Shapiro, R., Yang, R. and Noehren, B., Accuracy and repeatability of joint angles measured using a single camera markerless motion capture system. J. Biomech., 2014, 47(2), 587–591.
- Gabel, M., Renshaw, E. and Schuster, A., Full body gait analysis with Kinect. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2012, 1964-67.
- Microsoft; http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Kin-ect for windows/
- Gouelle, A., Megrot, F., Presedo, A., Husson, I., Yelnik, A. and Penneçot, G. F., The gait variability index: a new way to quantify fluctuation magnitude of spatiotemporal parameters during gait. Gait Posture, 2013, 38(3), 461–465.
- Wang, T., Wang, M., Liu, X. and Wang, T., A human body posture identification algorithm-based on Kinect. In International Conference on LEMCS, 2015.
- Bland, J. M. and Altman, D. G., Calculating correlation coefficients with repeated observations: Part 2 – correlation between subjects. Br. Med. J., 1995, 310(6980), 633.
- Backpack awareness: one of many ways that occupational therapists serve students, American occupational Therapy Association, 2009.
- Sun, B., Liu, X., Wu, X. and Wang, H., Human gait modeling and gait analysis based on Kinect. In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE International Conference, 2014, pp. 3173–3178.
- Motiian, S., Pergami, P., Guffey, K., Mancinelli, C. A. and Doretto, G., Automated extraction and validation of children’s gait parameters with the Kinect. Biomed. Eng. Online, 2015, 14(1), 11.
- Evaluation of School Backpack Prototype-Based on Gait Parameters, Energy Expenditure and Posture of Students
Abstract Views :310 |
PDF Views:73
Authors
Affiliations
1 Center of Excellence in Industrial & Product Design, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh - 160012, IN
2 National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai - 400087, IN
1 Center of Excellence in Industrial & Product Design, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh - 160012, IN
2 National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai - 400087, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 930-936Abstract
Carrying of backpacks by school going children leads to postural and gait adaptations, leading to falls, imbalances, low back pain and musculoskeletal disorders. This study examined gait parameters, posture and energy expenditure differences between the modified backpack (MBP) and the existing backpacks (EBPs) in school students. Using portable gait system, 26 healthy participants performed the trials with three loading conditions of 10%, 20% and 30% of their body weight (BW) with the two different categories of backpacks. There was significant difference in cadence, double support time, ground impact, energy expenditure and anterior lean angle between no-load condition and the backpacks. Relative to the no-load condition, energy expenditure (EE) increased by 4.26 cal/min, and anterior lean angle (ALA) increased by 6.90° for the EBPs at 30% load condition whereas EE increased by 2.83 calories/min and ALA by 4.43° in case of MBP at 30% condition. The results indicate that parameters recorded while carrying MBP resembled the those recorded during no-load condition. The erect posture, natural gait patterns and reduction in energy consumption supported by the MBP may thus reduce the causes of back pain and fatigue among school children.Keywords
Backpack Design, Trunk Angle, Natural Spine, School Children, Back Pain.Full Text
References
- MHRD, 2013; http://mhrd.gov.in/Department of School Education and Literacy/AR2015-16.pdf
- Forjuoh, S. N., Lane, B. L. and Schuchmann, J. A., Percentage of body weight carried by students in their school backpacks. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2003, 82, 261–266.
- Goodgold, S., Corcoran, M., Gamache, D., Gillis, J., Guerin, J. and Coyle, J. Q., Backpack use in children. Pediatr. Phys. Ther., 2002, 14, 122–131.
- Grimmer, K. and Williams, M., Gender-age environmental associates of adolescent low back pain. Appl. Ergon., 2000, 31, 343–360.
- Whittfield, J. K., Legg, S. J. and Hedderley, D. I., The weight and use of schoolbags in New Zealand secondary schools. Ergonomics, 2001, 44, 819–824.
- Abrahams, S., Ellapen, T. J., Van Heerden, H. J. and Vanker, R., The impact of habitual school bag carriage on the health of pubescent scholars. Afr. J. Phys. Health Educ. Recr.. Dance, 2001, 17, 762–771.
- Linders, D. R. and Nuckley, D. J., Deduction of spinal loading from vertebral body surface strain measurements. Exp. Mech., 2007, 47, 303–310.
- Orloff, H. A. and Rapp, C. M., The effects of load carriage on spinal curvature and posture. Spine, 2004, 29, 1325–1329.
- Bettany-Saltikov, J. and Cole, L., The effect of frontpacks, shoulder bags and handheld bags on 3D back shape and posture in young university students: an ISIS2 study. Study Health Technol. Inform., 2012, 176, 117–121.
- Hong, Y., Wong, A. S. and Robinson, P. D., Effects of load carriage on heart rate, blood pressure and energy expenditure in children. Ergonomics, 2000, 43, 717–727.
- Pascoe, D., Pascoe, D. E., Wang, Y. T., Shim, D. M. and Kim, C. K., Influence of carrying book bags on gait cycle and posture of youths. Ergonomics, 1997, 40, 631–641.
- Ramaprasad, M., Allias, J. and Raghuveer, A. K., Effect of backpack weight on postural angles in preadolescent children. Indian J. Paediatr., 2009, 47, 575–580.
- Motmans, R. R. and Tomlow, S., Trunk muscle activity in different modes of carrying schoolbags. Ergonomics, 2006, 49, 127–138.
- Attwells, R. L., Birell, S. A., Hooper, R. H. and Mansfield, N. J., Influence of carrying heavy loads on soldier’s posture, movements and gait. Ergonomics, 2006, 49, 1527–1537.
- Hong, Y. and Cheung, C. K., Gait and posture responses to backpack load during level walking in children. Gait Posture, 2003, 17, 28–33.
- Majumdar, D., Pal, M. S. and Majumdar, D., Effects of military load carriage on kinematics of gait. Ergonomics, 2010, 53, 782– 791.
- Singh, T. and Koh, M., Effects of backpack load position on spatiotemporal parameters and trunk forward lean. Gait Posture, 2009, 29, 49–53.
- Bobet, J. and Norman, R. W., Effects of load placement on back muscle activity in load carriage. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 1984, 53, 71–75.
- Connolly, B. H., Cook, B., Hunter, S., Laughter, M., Mills, A. and Nordtvedt, N., Effects of backpack carriage on gait parameters in children. Pediatr. Phys. Ther., 2008, 20, 347–355.
- Kim, S., Ergonomic analysis of army backpack designs: back and shoulder stresses and their implications. A dissertation submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah.
- Puckree, T., Silal, S. P. and Lin, J., School bag carriage and pain in school children. Disabil. Rehabil., 2004, 26, 54–59.
- Rateau, M. R., Use of backpacks in children and adolescents: a potential contributor to back pain. Orthopaedic Nursing, 2004, 23, 101–105.
- Temple, J. R., Paul, J. A., Van den Berg, P., Le, V. D., McElhany, A. and Temple, B. W., Teen sexting and its association with sexual behaviors. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 2012, 166, 828–833.
- Voll, H. J. and Klimt, F., Strain in children caused by carrying school bags. Offentl Gesundh Wes., 1977, 39, 369–378.
- Negrini, S. and Carabalona, R., Backpacks on! Schoolchildren’s perceptions of load, associations with back pain and factors determining the load. Spine, 2002, 27, 187–195.
- Watson, K. D., Papageorgiou, A. C., Jones, G. T., Taylor, S., Symmons, D. P., Silman, A. J. and Macfarlane, G. J., Low back pain in schoolchildren: occurrence and characteristics. Pain, 2002, 97, 87–92.
- Abe, D., Muraki, S. and Yasukouchi, A., Ergonomic effects of load carriage on energy cost of gradient walking. Appl. Ergon., 2008, 39, 144–149.
- Hsiang, S. M. and Chang, C., The effect of gait speed and load carrying on the reliability of ground reaction forces. Saf. Sci., 2002, 40, 639–657.
- Kinoshita, H., Effects of different loads and carrying systems on selected biomechanical parameters describing walking gait. Ergonomics, 1985, 28, 1347–136.
- Legg, S. J. and Mahanty, A., Comparison of five modes of carrying a load close to the trunk. Ergonomics, 1985, 28, 1653–1660.
- AARN Bodypacks; http://www.aarnpacks.com/
- Ramadan, M. Z. and Al-Shayea, A. M., A modified backpack design for male school children. Int. J. Ind. Ergon., 2013, 43, 462–471.
- Lloyd, R. and Cooke, C., Biomechanical differences associated with two different load carriage systems and their relationship to economy. Human Movement, 2011, 12, 65–74.
- Chow, D. H. K., Kwok, M. L. Y., AuYang, A. C. K., Holmesa, A. D., Cheng, J., C. Y., Yao, F. Y. D. and Wong, M. S., The effect of load carriage on the gait of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and normal controls. Med. Eng. Phys., 2007, 28, 430–437.
- Cassidy, D., Healey, E., Kocienski, K. and Pulver, B., Improved backpacking load carriage system. Major qualifying project submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Degree of Bachelor Science, 2017.
- Kirk, J. and Schneider, A. D., Physiological and perceptual responses to load-carrying in female subjects using internal and external frame backpacks. Ergonomics, 1992, 35, 445–455.
- Novak, J. S., Posture, get it straight! New York, Perigee Books; 1st edn, 1999.
- Kistner, F., Fiebert, I., Roach, K. and Moore, J., Postural compensations and subjective complaints due to backpack loads and wear time in school children. Pediatr. Phys. Ther., 2013, 25, 15–24.
- Katarzyna, W. C., Renata, S. I., Maciej, R. and Aleksandra, T., Influence of the weight of a school backpack on spinal curvature in the sagittal plane of seven-year-old children. BioMed Res. Int., 2015, 15, 1–6.
- Rodríguez, S. A. E., Jaworski, R., Jensen, A., Niederberger, B., Hargens, A. R. and Frank, L. R., Effect of load carriage on lumbar spine kinematics. Spine, 2013, 38, 783–791.
- Al-Khabbaz, Y. S. S. M., Shimada, T. and Hasegawa, M., The effect of backpack heaviness on trunk-lower extremity muscle activities and trunk posture. Gait Posture, 2008, 28, 297–302.