Current Science

K. K. Pant ¹, Vinit Kumar ¹, Bhaskar Biswas ¹, Arvind Kumar ¹, Shankar Lal ¹, Sona Chandran ¹, Saket Kumar Gupta ¹, Md. Khursheed ², Pravin Nerpagar ¹, A. K. Sarkar ¹, Ravi Kumar Pandit ¹, K. Ruwali ³, K. Sreeramulu ³, S. Das ³, R. S. Shinde ³, S. Chouksey ⁴, J. K. Parate ⁴, Viraj Bhanage ⁵, P. P. Deshpande ⁵, Shradha Tiwari ⁵, Mandar Joshi ⁶, Lalita Jain ⁵, Anand Valecha ⁷, Ayukt Pathak ⁵, M. A. Ali ⁵, H. R. Bundel ⁵, Purushottam Shrivastava ⁸, T. Reghu ⁸, Umesh Kale ⁸, Yashwant Wanmode ⁸, Praveen Mohania ⁸, Jaikishan Mulchandani ⁸, Akhil Patel ⁸, Mahesh Acharya ⁸, Ashish Mahawar ⁸, Mahendra Lad ⁹, M. K. Jain ⁹, Nitesh Tiwari ⁹, Pritam S. Bagduwal ⁹, V. G. Sathe ¹⁰, Sujata Joshi ¹⁰, Ram Shiroman ¹⁰, A. S. Yadav ¹⁰, Randhir Kumar ¹⁰, Alok Singh ¹¹, Vineet K. Dwivedi ¹¹, Mangesh Borage ¹², S. R. Tiwari ¹¹

Affiliations
1 Materials and Advanced Accelerator Sciences Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
2 Advanced Lasers and Optics Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
3 Accelerator Magnet Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
4 Design and Manufacturing Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
5 Laser Controls and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
6 Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, IN
7 Accelerator Control Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
8 Pulsed High Power Microwave Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
9 Radio Frequency Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
10 Ultra-High Vacuum Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
11 Power Converters Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
12 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN

Abstract

An Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) designed to operate in the 12.5–50 μm wavelength band is presently in an advanced stage of commissioning at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore. Here we report results from first experiments on the IR-FEL after installation of its optical cavity, which has resulted in a power output that is ~105 times the expected spontaneous emission power for the beam parameters used in the experiment. The estimated out-coupled peak micro-pulse power during these experiments is ~2 kW. This is the first observed signature of lasing in the IR-FEL, and the first reported lasing in a FEL in India. This communication discusses the development of the IR-FEL, the recent experimental results, and the ongoing efforts to further increase the IR power to the design peak out-coupled power of 2 MW.

Keywords

Beam Parameters, Free Electron Laser, Infrared Power, Undulator.

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B. Nareshkumar ¹, Praveen U. Sangnalmath ², S. Gayatridevi ³, K. Sreeramulu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi - 585106, IN
2 Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Kalaburagi - 585102, IN
3 Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Mysuru - 570010, IN

Abstract

A study was undertaken to evaluate the retention (R_F and R_M) and separation (ΔR_F, R^α_F , α and R_S) of buprofezin (B), flubendiamide (F) and imidacloprid (I) using n-hexane-acetone (6.5 : 3.5 v/v) in the case of NPHPTLC and methanol-water (8 : 2 v/v) for RP-HPTLC as mobile phase. The study revealed that increasing the acetone content in NP-HPTLC and decreasing the water content in RP-HPTLC resulted in high resolution with increase in RF values for B, F and I. ΔR_F > 0.04 and R_S > 1.5 were achieved for all pairs of compounds (ΔR_F(B–F) = 0.35, ΔR_F(F–I) = 0.19, ΔR_F(B–I) = 0.54, R_S(B–F) = 4.12, R_S(F–I) = 7.34, R_S(B–I) = 2.02 using NP-HPTLC; ΔR_F(F–B) = 0.23, ΔR_F(I–F) = 0.26, ΔR_F(I–B) = 0.49, R_S(F–B) = 2.63, R_S(I–F) = 2.97, R_S(I–B) = 5.92 using RP-HPTLC). Imidacloprid was adsorbed strongly on NP-HPTLC layer and buprofezin on RP-HPTLC layer, as indicated by their high R_M values. The maximum absorption of UV for B, F and I was found to be 252, 242 and 276 nm respectively. Stability analysis indicated that these compounds were stable up to 6 h in methanol and on the plates (NP-HPTLC and RPHPTLC layers). This protocol is useful for toxicologists to detect a mixture of these insecticides in forensic as well as environmental samples.

Keywords

Detection and Separation, Human Toxicity, Insecticides, Thin-Layer Chromatography.

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