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Raman, Anantanarayanan
- Edward Green Balfour (1813-1889) and his Contributions to Indian Agriculture and forestry
Abstract Views :178 |
PDF Views:83
Authors
Affiliations
1 Anantanarayanan Raman is in the Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Anantanarayanan Raman is in the Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 11 (2014), Pagination: 1594-1600Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- The Arsenic and Mercury-Containing Tanjore Pills Used in Treating Snake Bites in the 18th Century Madras Presidency
Abstract Views :231 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
Affiliations
1 with the Fremantle Hospital (WA–Government Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 with Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
3 with the AVP Research Foundation, 136–137 Tiruchirapalli Road, Coimbatore 641 045, IN
1 with the Fremantle Hospital (WA–Government Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 with Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
3 with the AVP Research Foundation, 136–137 Tiruchirapalli Road, Coimbatore 641 045, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 12 (2014), Pagination: 1759-1763Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- English and Indian Science
Abstract Views :253 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 398-398Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- T. N. Ananthakrishnan
Abstract Views :186 |
PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University & E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University & E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 5 (2014), Pagination: 749-753Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Discovery of Kerria Lacca (Insecta:Hemiptera:Coccoidea), the Lac Insect, in India in the Late 18th Century
Abstract Views :278 |
PDF Views:90
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 6 (2014), Pagination: 886-890Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- A Western Science-Based Materia medica by Whitelaw Ainslie of the Madras-medical Establishment Published in 1810
Abstract Views :200 |
PDF Views:74
Authors
Affiliations
1 Fremantle Hospital (Western Australia Public Health), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Fremantle Hospital (Western Australia Public Health), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 5 (2014), Pagination: 909-913Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Public-Health Management in the Madras Presidency in Early 20th Century:The King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras and its Pioneering Surgeons
Abstract Views :230 |
PDF Views:71
Authors
Affiliations
1 Fremantle Hospital (WA Government Public-Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Fremantle Hospital (WA Government Public-Health Service), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 10 (2015), Pagination: 1948-1952Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Quality Control in Ph D Supervision
Abstract Views :248 |
PDF Views:73
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 10 (2014), Pagination: 1633-1634Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Motivated and Committed Teacher-Dire Need in our Education System
Abstract Views :308 |
PDF Views:90
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 7 (2015), Pagination: 1197-1197Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Georges Guerrard-Samuel Perrottet, a forgotten Swiss-french Plant Collector, Experimental Botanist and Biologist in India
Abstract Views :218 |
PDF Views:75
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 1607-1612Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Cotton Heritage of India and Improvements Trialled on Cotton Germplasm in the Madras Presidency during the 19th Century
Abstract Views :204 |
PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 7 (2015), Pagination: 1347-1352Abstract
Cotton has been known to Indians for long. Greek historian Herodotus (5th Century BC) in his chronicles indicates that cotton material was the customary wear of Indians. Fibres of Gossypium arboreum were used by early Indians. Three other species of Gossypium, viz. G. barbadense, G. hirsutum, and G. herbaceum were independently domesticated in other parts of the world. Up to the time of Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede (1636-1691), the Dutch Governor of Cochin, only G. arboreum was used in India for making fabrics. In later decades, but before the time of British surgeon-botanists, such as William Roxburgh and John Royle, many foreign species and natural hybrids of Gossypium were introduced into India, either deliberately or inadvertently. Thomas Munro (1761-1827), the Governor of Madras was keen to cultivate G. barbadense in Salem and Coimbatore. Robert Wight, another key surgeon-botanist of Madras made great strides in cultivating various species and hybrids of cotton in Coimbatore and Tirunelveli (Madras Presidency). In addition to capturing the pre-British days of cotton use in Madras and India, the present note highlights the efforts made by Wight and the Government of Madras in improving cotton agriculture in Madras Presidency and how these efforts were abruptly shut down by Henry Pottinger, Governor of Madras, in mid-19th Century. This note concludes with a brief remark on how the introduction of various species and hybrids of Gossypium has today changed India's status as a key cotton producer and fabric manufacturer in the world.Full Text
- Bioresources of the Eastern Ghats:Their Conservation and Management
Abstract Views :226 |
PDF Views:73
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 9 (2015), Pagination: 1733-1734Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- T. N. Ananthakrishnan (1925-2015)
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:77
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 5 (2015), Pagination: 981-982Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- On the Villainous Saltpetre in Pre-Independent India
Abstract Views :235 |
PDF Views:94
Authors
Affiliations
1 Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, AU
2 6, Seventh Main Road, Fourth Avenue, Dhandeeswarar Nagar, Chennai 600 042, IN
3 Charles Sturt University, The Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, AU
2 6, Seventh Main Road, Fourth Avenue, Dhandeeswarar Nagar, Chennai 600 042, IN
3 Charles Sturt University, The Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 923-927Abstract
William Shakespeare qualifies saltpetre with the term 'villanous' in Henry IV (Act I, Scene 3, 1598, note 1), because of its then known relevance in gunpowder manufacture.Full Text
- Indian Forester, Scottish Laird:The Botanical Lives of Hugh Cleghorn of Stravithie
Abstract Views :200 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 8 (2016), Pagination: 1409-1412Abstract
Henry Noltie, no stranger to Indian botanists, is an adorable botanist and avid plant and botanical-art historian of colonial India and of the Madras Presidency in particular. Many, I am sure, will recall his magnificent volumes on Robert Wight, another Scot, who revolutionized the understanding and management of economic plants of the Indian subcontinent.Full Text
References
- Noltie, H. J., Robert Wight and the Botanical Drawings of Rungiah & Govindoo, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2007, Three Volumes, I – 208 pages, II – 208 pages, III – 88 pages.
- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2015, 109, 1347–1352.
- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2014, 106, 1594–1600.
- Anonymous, Br. Med. J., 1895, 1(1797), 1304.
- Das, P., Environ. Hist. (Cambr.), 2005, 11, 55–82.
- Brandis, D., Trans. R. Scot. Arbor. Soc., 1888, 12, 87–93.
- Cleghorn, H. F. C., The Forests and Gardens of South India, W. H. Allen, London, 1861, p. 412.
- Anonymous, Asiat. J. Month. Reg. Brit. For. Ind. Chin. Australas, 1836, XX(N.S.), 86.
- Raman, R. and Raman, A., Natl. Med. J. India, 2016, 29, 98–102.
- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2012, 102, 1717–1720.
- Buchanan, F., A Journey from Madras Through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar: Performed Under the Orders of the Most Noble the Marquis Wellesley, Governor General of India, for the Express Purpose of Investigating the State of Agriculture, Arts, and Commerce; the Religion, Manners, and Customs; the History Natural and Civil, and Antiquities, in the Dominions of the Rajah of Mysore, and the Countries Acquired by the Honourable East India Company, Three volumes, T. Cadell & W. Davies; Black, Parry, & Kingsbury, Bulmer & Co., London, 1807, vol. 1, 424 pages, vol. 2, 556 pages, vol. 3, 556 pages.
- Cleghorn, C. F. C., Royle, F., Smith, R. B. and Strachey, R., Report of the Committee appointed by the British Association to consider the probable effects in an economical and physical point of view of the destruction of tropical forests. In the Report of the 21st Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science held at Ipswich, 1851, John Murray, London, 1852, pp. 78–102.
- Marr, J. R., Dialogues Across Disciplines from the NIAS Archives (eds Narasimha, R. and Ahuja, D.), National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, 2012, vol. I, pp. 250–274.
- Long, F. L. and Clements, F. E., Am. J. Bot., 1934, 21, 7–17.
- The Grecian Doric-Column Lighthouse of Madras (1840) and its Builder John Thomas Smith, Madras Army Corps of Engineers
Abstract Views :190 |
PDF Views:72
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 1106-1111Abstract
Lighthouses fascinate us. They captivate our minds not only by their imposingly variable structures and engineering nuances, but also by the benefits they offer to sailors. John Thomas Smith of the Madras Army Corps of Engineers was directed to build the stonework lighthouse in Madras in the late 1830s. The present article chronicles the research he did before building the lighthouse and the task he completed in 1838- 1839. Today the light apparatus and the lantern seated atop this Doric tower have gone missing. What is immensely striking is that the Doric-column structure, which once provided a beaming light with a wide and long sweep for boats and ships passing along the Madras coast, today stands as a mute testimony of the acumen of a sharp army engineer, burying in it brilliant physical and engineering details of a unique edifice.Full Text
- Surgeon Senjee Pulney Andy’s Trials in Treating Smallpox using Leaves of Azadirachta indica in Southern India in the 1860s
Abstract Views :196 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
Affiliations
1 Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 104, No 12 (2013), Pagination: 1720-1722Abstract
Indian people hold Azadirachta indica (Rutales: Meliaceae) (nimba, Sanskrit), a native tree, in high veneration. Its cultural connections with the people of the Indian subcontinent are complex and intense1. References to its use exist in Caraka, Susruŧa and Brihat Samhita-s - the ancient Sanskrit medical treatises.
Full Text
- Professional Doctorates and Ph D Holders
Abstract Views :238 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1081-1081Abstract
This letter pertains to the correspondence entitled 'Role of Ph Ds in India and a response to the same. One issue discussed is employability of Ph D holders in industries.Full Text
References
- Qureshi, A. A. and Syed, A., Curr. Sci., 2016, 111, 1437–1438.
- Mahanty, A., Curr. Sci., 2016, 111, 1438.
- Raman, A., Curr. Sci., 2008, 95, 590–593.
- Verger, J. and Metzler, J. B., Lexikon des Mittelalters, Stuttgart, 1999, vol. 3, pp. 1155–1156; vol. 5, pp. 1957–1958.
- Remembering Joseph Dalton Hooker
Abstract Views :255 |
PDF Views:80
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 112, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2362-2363Abstract
The 30th of June of 2017 will mark the 200th birth anniversary of Joseph Dalton Hooker, who was born as the second son to William Jackson Hooker and Maria Sarah Hooker nee Turner in Suffolk, England. He died in Sunningdale, England, on 10 December 1911 at a ripe age of 94. His monumental seven-volume Flora of British India (1872-1897) is being consulted extensively even today not only within the Indian subcontinent, but throughout the world.Full Text
References
- Hooker, J. D., Himalayan Journals (the Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim, and the Nepal Himalaya, the Khasia Mountains, &c.), John Murray, London, 1855, two vols, p. 1061.
- Allan, M., The Hookers of the Kew, 1795–1911, Joseph, London, 1967, p. 273.
- Desmond, R., Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker: Traveller and Plant Collector, Antique Collectors Club & Royal Botanic Garden Kew, London, 1999, p. 286.
- Ross, J. R., A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, during the Years 1839–43, John Murray, London, 1847, two vols, p. 813.
- Hooker, J. D. and Harvey, W. H., London J. Bot., 1845, iv, 249–276, 293–302.
- Hooker, J. D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839–1843 under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, Reeve Brothers, London, 1844–1869, three vols, pp. 1471+ 698 plates.
- Hooker, J. D., Notes of a Tour in the Plains of India, the Himala, and Borneo; Being Extracts from Private Letters of Dr. Hooker written during a Government Botanical Mission to those Countries (Part 1, England to Calcutta), 1848, p. 57.
- Bettany, G. T., https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Falconer.Hugh_(DNB00), 1895–1900 (accessed on 20 October 2016).
- Goyder, D., Griggs, P., Nesbitt, M., Parker, L. and Ross-Jones, K., Cutis’s Bot. Mag., 2012, 29, 66–85.
- Darwin, F. (ed.), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, including An Autobiographical Chapter, D. Appleton & Co., New York, USA, 1888, two vols, p. 951.
- Bentham, G. and Hooker, J. D., Genera Plantarum ad Exemplaria Imprimis in Herbariis Kewensibus Servata Definita, Reeve & Co., London, 1862–1883, three vols, p. 5844.
- Samuel Cnoll in Tranquebar and Establishment of the First 'Pharmacy' - Laboratorium Chymicum - in India in 1732
Abstract Views :293 |
PDF Views:70
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 03 (2017), Pagination: 368-369Abstract
One early, Europe-trained medical doctor to work in Tranquebar (Tarangampadi, 11°1'N, 79°50'E) near Tanjãvur, Southern India, was Samuel Benjamin Cnoll (1705-1767). Some articles refer to him as Knoll. He was trained in medicine in Halle, Germany, and recruited to work at the Royal Danish Mission, Tranquebar, from 1732 (ref. 1). Cnoll worked in Tranquebar until his death. Jensen indicates that Cnoll supervised the Royal Danish Mission Hospital, Tranquebar from the 1740s and published a short article on the preparation of borax in Acta Medica Hafniensis in 1753 (ref. 2) (note 1).Full Text
References
- Jensen, N. T., Med. Hist., 2005, 49, 489–515.
- Cnoll, S. B., Acta Med. Hafniensis, 1753, 64–66 (no volume number available).
- Raman, A., Madras Musings, 2015; http//madrasmusings.com/Vol%2023%-20No%2015/another-madras-first.html (accessed on 10 March 2017).
- Francke, G. A., der Koniglischen Danischen Missionarien aus Ost-Indien eingesandte Ausführlichen Berichten: von der XXV. bis XXXVIsten Continuation; darin die Fortsetzung des MissionsWercks bis aufs Jahr 1732 umstandlich beschrieben wird. Part 3, Verlegung des Waysenhauses, Halle, 1735, p. 1458.
- Krieger, M., In Artistic and Cultural Exchanges between Europe and Asia, 1400–1900, Rethinking Markets, Workshops, and Collections (ed. North, M.), Ashgate, Surrey, 2010, pp. 53–72.
- Sen, S. and Chakraborty, R., J. Trad. Complem. Med., 2017, 7, 234‒244.
- Jensen, N. T., In Beyond Tranquebar: Grappling across Cultural Borders in South India (eds Fihl, E. and Venkatachalapathy, A. R.), Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2014, pp. 325–351.
- Niemeyer, J. A., Nähere Einleitung zur Universalhistorie bis auf jetzige Zeit fortges. Verlegung des Waysenhauses, Halle, Germany, 1755, p. 1040 (+ several unnumbered pages of index).
- Knoll, S. B., Ein Brief an Gotthilf August Francke, Franckesche Stiftungen, 6 October 1736; http://192.124.243.55/cgi-bin/gkdb.pl?x=u&t_multi=x&v_0=PER&q_0=knoll%2C+Samuel+Benj-amin++ [Verfasser], (accessed on 10 March 2017).
- Frangsmyr, T., Heilbron, J. N. and Rider, R. E. (eds), The Quantifying Spirit in the Eighteenth Century, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1990; http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6d5nb455;brand=ucpress
- Banks, J. and Drynader, J., Catalogus Biblothecae Historico-Naturalis, Gul. Bulmer, London, 1798, vol. I, pp. 33–34.
- Kruse, P. R., http://www.histpharm.org/ISHPWG%20Denmark.pdf (accessed on 10 March 2017).
- Large-Scale Iron and Steel Production in the Coromandel:The earliest and Longest Survived Porto Novo Iron Works (1830–1859)
Abstract Views :228 |
PDF Views:74
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 05 (2017), Pagination: 984-989Abstract
Iron production was self-sufficient in 18th century India and the excess was exported. Iron smelting, usingmodern techniques, commenced with the efforts of Farquhar and Motte in Calcutta, who cooperated in establishingan iron foundry in Panchet in Bengal. But this effort of Farquhar and Motte was short lived. TheTata Iron and Steel Company Limited and Indian Iron and Steel Company Limited (IISCO) were launched in1907 and 1918 respectively. IISCO merged with the Steel Corporation of Bengal, established in 1939, andoperated under a different banner in the late 1940s–early 1950s. In the 1800s, many individual ironsmithsoperated in the Madras Presidency producing wrought iron, some of them using cone-shaped furnaces. Anassociation was formed in Madras with an objective of establishing a charcoal-fired iron works in 1830, becausethe iron ore that occurred naturally in much of the Madras Presidency was then detected. Consequently,one ex-Madras Civil Servant, Josiah Heath, ventured to establish a large-scale iron–steel works inParangipéttai (Porto Novo), 220 km south of Madras, naming it the Porto Novo Iron Works, which wentthrough turbulent phases during its performance. The remarkable aspect is that the Porto Novo Iron Workswas the singular large-scale iron and steel factory in the whole of India in the 1830s. Nothing matched with the Porto Novo Iron Works in size and production capacity, which also included state-of-the-art methods ofproduction of that time. The Porto Novo Iron Works serviced the needs of India and Britain for iron and steel for close to 30 years, although after 1849, it changed names to Indian Steel & Iron Company and East India Iron Company. In 1887, its prominent 150' (c. 50 m) tall chimney functioned as a beacon stand for theships faring along Porto Novo coast. The indiscriminate exploitation of wood for charcoal and other energyrequirements was one nasty practice the British Government encouraged to support Heath’s enterprise,which resulted in the loss of precious wood in the vast tracts of the Madras Presidency.Full Text
References
- 1 seer = 0.93 kg.
- A report prepared by John Campbell published in the Public Consultations (16
- August 1842, Madras Records Office, refers to multiple details of wrought-iron manufacture in India (southern India?), which I could not access. Campbell belonged to the Madras Army at the rank of Captain. He was the Assistant Surveyor General of Madras (1830s–1840s). He was a keen explorer of minerals and geology of India. A few articles by Campbell, such as on the formation of granite in Salem and Barramahal, solar radiation, the self-calculating sextant, and meteorology could be read in the Calcutta Journal of Natural History and Miscellany of Arts and Science in India (II, 1842).
- Whether this association was a formal group or an informal gathering is not clear.
- The 1–1.25 m long, sturdy iron rod, can be used to crack hardened soil and with some effort can even break rocks. This tool is variously referred as wrecking bar, pry bar, pinch bar, prise bar, jemmy bar, and pig foot.
- My efforts to search more details of A.
- Pierre de Closets were in vain. In his article in the Indian Engineering, de Closets does not explain why he was writing a story on Josiah Heath’s bid to manufacture iron and steel in Porto Novo, which would have finished at least 30 years before his article. The letters ‘C.E.’ after his name mean ‘Civil Engineering’. In part II of de Closet’s article (p. 383), I found a remark, which provided a link between him and the Heath story: de Closets trained under Robert Brunton, who was the Chief Engineer at Porto Novo Iron Works in the 1840s. During de Closet’s traineeship, he was directed to build puddling and reheating furnaces suitable for gas works.
- An intricately decorated filigree casket is currently on display in the Addis Gallery of Islamic Art of the British Museum [BM] (http://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/eicah/files/ 2013/05/BM-Casket-Final-PDF-19.08.14.pdf), which was taken away from Tippu Sultan’s palace, when the Sultan was killed by the British troops. This casket was handed to the BM by one Henry Fraser, to whom it was handed by Josiah
- Heath. Heath seems to have acquired this casket through his wife Charlotte Catherine, whom he married in the Old Capper House, located towards the southern end of the Marina of Madras (presently it is a part of the Queen Mary’s College for Women).
- Carburet of manganese is a heavy black powdery compound – pyrolusite (MnO2) and carbon – used extensively as a powerful oxidizer. Also used extensively also as a decolorizer in glass-making industry to remove the green shade of impure glass.
- The location of the Salem Steel Plant of the Steel Authority of India in Salem is mainly because this region is rich in ferruginous and manganiferous sediments embedded in granulite terrains (https: //www.sail.co.in/special-steel-plants/salemsteel-plant).
- Férangi means ‘foreign’ (ischolar_main: Arabic, Persian), here referring to the Portuguese; péttã refers to a residential locality (ischolar_main: Télugu). The capital city of Benin (West Africa) is also known as Porto Novo (629N, 236E).
- A helve today would mean the handle of a weapon or a tool. In high possibility, helve meant a kind of a large hammer (sledge hammer?) used in iron-smithies in the 1880s.
- The chimney existed in 1887, although the rest of the components of Heath’s factory were demolished. The 150 tall chimney was used as a beacon (and a landmark) for ships in 1887 (ref. 10).
- From Cotton20, we get to know that at least the following four from UK worked at the Porto Novo Iron Company in differing capacities: John Milward
- (smelter), Robert Wood (plate roller), John Jones (puddler), and William Brazier (shingler), who had died in 1836 and interred in Porto Novo.
- An intermediate type between a blast furnace and a forge.
- Robert Brunton trained at the Chain & Young Foundry, Claude Girdwood & Co.
- in Glasgow, where he ‘informally’ graduated as an engineer. For sometime Robert assisted his brother William, who was a reputed engineer in Britain. Subsequently he joined Isaac Dodds, Horsley Iron Works, Staffordshire. Based on this experience he was appointed as the Engineer in Heath’s Porto Novo Iron
- Company factory. Robert’s reports on the manufacture of iron and steel in India are invaluable. His failing health forced him to return to England, but his connexion with the East India Iron Company continued at intervals until his death in 1852.
- The Brittania Bridge (Pont Brittania) was built across the Menai Strait connecting Anglesey and mainland Wales in 1850. George Stephenson (not Stevenson) (1781–1848) was a renowned engineer and inventor.
- The Naval Hospital in Madras ceased to function in 1831 and the building was turned into a gun-carriage factory22.
- The construction and working of a railway connecting Madras to the West Coast terminating at Beypore was completed in 1861.
- John Smith (1839) indicates to the steam engine trialled in Porto Novo Iron Works as ‘Avery Steam Engine’. It was ‘Foster– Avery Steam Engine’ patented jointly by Ambrose Foster and William Avery of New York State in 1836 via an application lodged to the American Government in 1831.
- Integrated Management of Insect Pests on Canola and other Brassica Oilseed Crops
Abstract Views :201 |
PDF Views:65
Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1179-1180Abstract
Various species of Brassica (Brassicaceae)are relevant to humans, since they supply edible products such as vegetables,condiments and oils, as well as materials such as industrial lubricants. After Canada and China, India holds a leading position in the rapeseed – mustard economy of the world: ranked second in terms of area of cultivation and third in production. Canola, a recently developed hybrid of Brassica, is reported to meet one-third of edible oil needs of India.Full Text
References
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- Feeding Biology and Nutritional Physiology of Psylloidea(Insecta:Hemiptera):Implications in Host-Plant Relations
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1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 833, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 833, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
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Current Science, Vol 113, No 08 (2017), Pagination: 1543-1552Abstract
About 3500 species represent the Psylloidea across the world. Many Psylloidea live on a wide range of agriculturally and horticulturally important plants and some of them also act as vectors of plant pathogens. Generally they show a arrow host-plant range and feed on plant sap. Endosymbiotic bacteria are shown to be associated with some of them, enabling them to live on a nutritionally imbalanced plant diet. During feeding, the Psylloidea induce changes in plant tissues. Salivary enzymes such as pectinases enable them to mobilize primary metabolites rapidly to feeding sites from uninfested parts. Specific proteins (64 and 58 kDa) occur in the saliva of free-living Psylloidea (e.g. Aphalaridae) as well as in host-plant phloem. These insects live either freely or by constructing lerps or by inducing galls. Variations in guilds and feeding behaviour determine the nutritional ecology and physiology of the Psylloidea. Varying nutrient levels in leaves regulate populations of the gregariously feeding Psylloidea. The lerp-constructing Psylloidea utilize more of sugar-based nutrients, while the group feeding Psylloidea induce more intense changes in amino-acid, fatty-acid, and mineral levels in host plants. High C and low N ratios in leaves influence psylloid growth rates negatively. For instance, the gall-inducing Psylloidea achieve only two generations a year. High levels of the sterol (440.3 molecular weight) and ergosterol and low levels of complex lipids in young leaves of E. macrorhyncha appear to regulate the specificity of the gall-inducing species of Glycaspis (Synglycaspis) (Aphalaridae). About 100 plants are indicated as hosts of Indian Psylloidea. Curiously no lerp-forming psylloid is known in India.Keywords
Auchenorrhyncha, Feeding Behaviour, Heteroptera, Nutritional Requirements, Primary Metabolites, Sternorrhyncha.Full Text
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- Medical Stores in 1865, Pharmacist Training and Pharmacopoeias in India Until the Launch of the Indian Pharmacopoeia in 1955
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1 C. Y. O’Connor Village Medical Centre, Erade Drive, Piarra Waters, WA 6112, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 C. Y. O’Connor Village Medical Centre, Erade Drive, Piarra Waters, WA 6112, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 06 (2018), Pagination: 1358-1366Abstract
Medical stores attached to army hospitals serviced as pharmacies in India until the later decades of the 19th century. Only around the 1920s, independent pharmacies as retail outlets began to appear in India. An army surgeon, Edward Nicholson, in an article published in the Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science (1865), while stationed in Cannanore in the erstwhile Presidency of Madras, laments on the poor quality of the army medical stores and how the surgeons were also to function as the compounder–dispenser in army hospitals. In this paper, we have used this Nicholson’s narrative as a trigger to reconstruct the status of army medical stores in British India and the publication of pharmacopoeias (also referred as Materia Medicas) in India by British surgeons in India, such as William O’Shaughnessy and Edward Waring in 1842 and 1868 respectively. The Madras Presidency contributed, in an equally significant measure, to pharmacopoeial knowledge. Mohideen Sheriff, an early graduate of the Madras Medical College (MMC) and who superintended the Triplicane Dispensary for several years, wrote the Materia Medica of Madras. The MMC offered training to medical students in Materia Medica in the 1860s. However, formal training of Chemists and Druggists (= pharmacists) commenced in MMC only between 1870 and 1879. Madras pioneered in establishing the Pharmaceutical Society of India in 1925 – the first established professional body – primarily meant to act as an accreditation society, which was amalgamated with the Indian Pharmaceutical Association functioning in Banares (Varanasi) in 1949.Full Text
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- Wool-Pile Carpets in Colonial Madras and the Lost Saidapet Woolly-Sheep Breed in Madras of the 1870s
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Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 10 (2018), Pagination: 2201-2204Abstract
The Agricultural School in Saidapet (13°02'N; 80°22'E), slightly southwest of Madras CBD was the first formally set-up agricultural training institution in India, established on the banks of Adayar River in 1865. This institution grew into a college offering three-year training in agriculture in 1875 and functioned until 1906, when it was shifted to Coimbatore for various political reasons. Its founding superintendent William Robertson and his deputy Charles Benson experimented with many agricultural commodities from 1865. One was the development of a new sheep breed – the Saidapet breed (Saidapet spelt also as Sydapet, Sydapett). John Augustus Voelcker in a report refers to the Saidapet sheep breed, although the post-1900 literature makes no mention of it. The experiments of Robertson–Benson on sheep breeding commenced in 1869 utilizing the ‘Mysore’, ‘Coimbatore’, ‘Patna’, ‘Nellore’, and ‘Madras’ germplasms available in Madras. Many trials were made, of which one was successful, resulting in the Saidapet breed. The strengths of this breed were that the progeny bore wool that could be used in making carpets, and the breed also supplied meat for human consumption. Within a decade or two of production, this breed had disappeared: reasons are unclear. Carpet-weaving occurred pre-eminently in the Eluru–Masulipatnam–Warangal stretch of the erstwhile Madras Presidency (now in Andhra Pradesh and Telengana). This note chronicles the evolution of wool-pile carpet production that flourished more as a cottage industry in the Eluru–Masulipatnam–Warangal region, thus providing a contextual backdrop for the interest in producing new breeds of woolly sheep in southern India.Full Text
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- Insect–Bryophyte Interactions:A Little Explored Territory in the Domain of Insect–Plant Interactions
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Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 614-616Abstract
Many plant-feeding insects have evolved as generalists, living and feeding on plants. Insects have existed from the Devonian (410–355 million years ago [mya]) synchronizing with the diversification of woody angiosperms1. Sometime between the Devonian and the Carboniferous, utilization of sori of early Filicophyta as food existed concurrently in extinct groups of insects2. This could also be the period when a majority of the phloem-feeding Hemiptera evolved. Insect- feeding damage, possibly caused by hemipteroids, has been known in the fossil specimens of Metzgeriothallus sharonae (Marchantiophyta: Metzgeriales) of the Middle Devonian3. An extensive volume of publications explains the dynamics of insect–plant interactions, customarily the term ‘plant’ implying angiosperms. However, our knowledge of insects that live and feed on lower plants, such as bryophytes, is limited. This note aims to provide a brief review on the subtlety of interactions between bryophytes and insects, as much as known.Full Text
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- Internationalization of Indian Higher-Education
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 5 (2018), Pagination: 809-809Abstract
I have been following the editorial by Lavakare1 and the follow-up commentary by Altbach2 on the internationalization of Indian higher education in the recent issues of Current Science.Full Text
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- Plant Lists from ‘Olde’ Madras (1698–1703)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 12 (2018), Pagination: 2336-2341Abstract
Samuel Browne, a surgeon attached to the Military Hospital at Fort St George, Madras (1688–18), collected plants from villages around Madras (c. 30 km radius) and once from Tirupati (120 km). The collected plants were sent to the Royal Society of London, where James Petiver – an apothecary, botanist, entomologist, natural historian – determined and later published them in the Philosophical Transactions (of the Royal Society of London) between 1698 and 1703. Presently, the materials sent by Browne are stored at the Natural History Museum, London, under Sloane’s collections, because Hans Sloane acquired Petiver’s plant collections, which include Browne’s dispatches from Madras sent in 1696. By the present standards, the descriptions of plants provided by Petiver are awkward and complex, because of the then prevalent system of polynomial system of nomenclature using Latin descriptors, mixed with Indian vernacular (Tamil) names as supplied by Browne in his notes. Nonetheless, this set of papers is a valuable source of information for understanding the nature and diversity of the flora in the dry, semi-arid segments of the present Tamil Nadu and adjoining segments of Andhra Pradesh of the 1700s. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the forgotten and ignored pages of the botanical history of Madras and clarify the basic details available in these papers, so that they could be explored extensively by competent botanists of the Coromandel to bring out the science of plants they include.Full Text
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- Inception of Entomological Society of India and Inaugural Issue of the Indian Journal of Entomology
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 321-327Abstract
The Entomological Society of India (ESI) established in 1938 completed 80 years of service to Indian and world science in 2018. The present article captures a few milestone events during its inception in 1938 and its 25th anniversary in 1964, further to a few in between. The Indian Journal of Entomology, the official organ of ESI, was launched in 1939 and has an intricately intertwined history along with ESI.Full Text
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- Women Doctors and Women’s Hospitals in Madras with Notes on the Related Influencing Developments in India in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Henry Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Henry Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1232-1240Abstract
At least 30 years before qualified women doctors from Britain, America and Australia came to India to assist in the health care of women, Mary Ann Dacomb Scharlieb living in Madras (now Chennai) graduated with an LMS (Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery) diploma from the Madras Medical College in 1875. She then proceeded to London to earn an MBBS degree from the newly started Medical School for Women. She returned to Madras after completing advanced training in operative midwifery at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria in 1884. The Government of Madras established a women’s hospital in Moore’s Garden – the Royal Victoria Hospital for Caste and Gosha Women (RVH) – which she superintended from 1884 to 1887; the hospital was shifted to its current location in Triplicane, Chennai in 1890. Doctors in Madras, such as Ida Sophia Scudder and Muthulakshmi Reddy, played a major role in taking women’s health care to new heights. While chronicling the lives and works of pioneer women doctors of Madras, this note also enunciates details of the establishment of premier women’s hospitals in Madras: (1) the Maternity Hospital (MH) in Egmore and (2) the RVH in Triplicane, in the backdrop of an overall context of women’s health management in the rest of India, triggered by the Dufferin Association and its sprigs, the Association of Medical Women in India and Women’s Medical Service for India. The MH, at least four decades older than the RVH, performed remarkably on many a score: for example, in starting of a midwife training school and the Diploma in Gynaecology and Obstetrics programme, the latter setting the trend for the rest of India. The MH pioneered in developing a facility to treat infants and children as well in 1949, thanks to the efforts of pediatrician S. T. Ãchar, thus earning a reputation as the ‘Egmore model’ in medical circles. This note is an appreciation and a token of gratitude to those unforgettable heroines, who worked against odds, including facing resentment and resistance from some Indian men of status and influence.Full Text
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- ‘Autophotographs’ Noted in 1939
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1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 511-512Abstract
Mahadeva Subra Mani (1908‒2003) is a well-known name in Indian biology, more specifically, in entomology. In the inaugural issue of the Indian Journal of Entomology, Mani1 has written a short note referring to ‘autophotographs’. Details of the production of autophotographs are available in his note (Box 1). Unfortunately, Mani does not explain whether the autophotographs were made by him. From the statement, ‘In discussion it was pointed out …’, at the end of the note (see Box 1), one could infer that he made and presented these in a forum, where the science behind this photographic method was evidently discussed.Full Text
References
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- James Annesley of Madras Medical Service (1800–1838) on Cholera in Madras Presidency in 1825
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Mouat Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, IN
2 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, IN
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Mouat Street, Fremantle, WA 6160, IN
2 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 1026-1030Abstract
James Annesley from Ireland spent nearly four decades in Madras, first as an assistant and later as a senior surgeon attached to the Madras Medical Establishment. During this span of service he published the book in 1825 on the most prevalent diseases of India comprising a treatise on the epidemic cholera of the East. This paper recounts the epidemiology of cholera and the efforts made to manage it in the Madras Presidency in the 1820s, keeping in view the life of Annesley and the contents of his book.Full Text
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- Ethnobotany of India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P. O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1252-1255Abstract
Harshberger1 (Pennsylvania, USA) first used the term ‘ethno-botany’ in 1896 (Figure 1), referring to the science of relationships between humans and plants. Ethnobotany, today, has grown into a multidisciplinary science involving the bionomics, chemistry, uses and ecology of plants as relevant to human culture, heritage, economics, and in linguistics. This science has enabled us – humans – to know the ‘better side’ of plants. Through a c. 50,000-year experience, we have learnt to utilize plants for their benefits. Agriculture is one such2. Natural products chemistry is another, jumpstarted by Schmidt in 1811 (ref. 3). Simonsen, Chopra, Dey, Siddiqui, and Seshadri led natural products chemistry in India to great heights in the 20th century4. Besides, the botanical wisdom of ancient human societies, gained through experience has been another factor in empowering humans in this direction5,6.Full Text
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- Harold Maxwell-Lefroy and the Management of Pestiferous Insects in Urban Environments in the Early Decades of the 20th Century
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 1933-1933Abstract
‘This book provides the opportunity for an alternative career option for entomology graduates from agriculture to household pests. … Most of them look for opportunities to work in fields related to agriculture or chemical industry. This book opens up avenues to take the subject of entomology as an entrepreneurial venture… .’Full Text
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- The Spark that Fired the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India:The Triangulation Survey Made between Fort St. George (13°08′n) and Mangalore (12°91′n) by William Lambton in the Early 1800s*
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23 MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23 MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 147-154Abstract
In 1800, the English East-India Company at Fort St. George (≈ Madras) ordered surveys of peninsular India for political reasons. William Lambton of the 33rd Regiment of Foot – who had just arrived in Madras to join the army marching against the Mysore Tiger Tipu Sultan in 1799 – started the scientifically accurate landscape measurement using trigonometric methods in 1801, one of the three major surveys that were concurrently launched and referred in the pages of India’s science history as the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India (GTSI). Lambton led this project until his death in Hinganghat (presently in Maharashtra) in 1823. From then, his trainee George Everest took over and completed the project. Much has been written about the Lambton–Everest GTSI, but little has been mentioned on the preliminary survey that Lambton carried out from 1804 of the landscape between Fort St. George (Madras), Bangalore and Mangalore, and on fixing the global coordinates of the towns in between. The science used in this survey of c. 360 miles (570 km) between the Coromandel and the Malabar Coasts is stunning in terms of its accuracy of details, given the quality of tools and gadgets Lambton and his team used. This survey was the spark that fired GTSI. The Fort St. George–Bangalore–Mangalore survey on completion in 1810, progressed slightly northwards and southwards initially and later got extended all over British India. The Madras Observatory established by Michael Topping and the pioneering astronomy and physics – built on elegant mathematics – marshalled by his successor John Goldingham offered considerable scientific back-up and clarity to Lambton’s GTSI project.Full Text
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Authors
Affiliations
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 8 (2020), Pagination: 1313-1321Abstract
The first eye hospital, not onlyin India but in the whole of Asia as well, and the second oldest in the world, known as ‘Madras Eye Infirmary’ (MEI) as a public facility was established in Madras city (now Chennai) in 1819 to address the ophthalmic problems of residents of the city and the neighbourhood. Robert Richardson was its first superintendent. Whereas the Madras General Hospital, in the early days of its establishment serviced only the British army personneland civilians, the MEI, right frominception, serviced Indians for reasons unknown. This facility moved around the town during its early days, but settled in its current location in Marshalls Road (now Rukmini Lakşmipati Sãlai), Egmore (Ézhumbûr) in 1886. The MEI changed names over time: ‘Government Ophthalmic Hospital’ (GOH, in 1886), and presently the ‘Regional Institute of Ophthalmology and Government Ophthalmic Hospital’. Local people fondly refer to it as the Ézhumbûr KaṇÃspatiri. Robert Elliot (1904–1913), Henry Kirkpatrick (1914–1920), Robert Wright (1920–1938), K. Koman Nayar (1940–1945) and R. E. S. Muthayya (1947–1956) are significant names in the annals of GOH. Elliott is remembered by ophthalmic surgeons throughout the world for his pioneering surgical-management technique of glaucoma, which involved a novel improvement made over the one proposed by Pierre Félix Lagrange of Bordeaux in 1907. Thisnote recounts the key milestones andscientific landmarks in the pages of the history of this public facility, while referring to the science promoted by the medical men who led this hospital at various times until 1956 and placed it on the world map of medicine.Full Text
References
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- The Vadavãr Railroad in Tanjãvûr District, Madras Presidency, reported in 1836
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23, MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23, MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 1216-1221Abstract
The Madras Journal of Literature and Science (MJLS, 1836, 4) carries a four-page article entitled ‘An account of a railroad laid in the Vaddavaur district’. This article refers to a temporary, c. 500-yard long railroad built in Vaddavaur (read as Vadavãr) located at the confluence of Kôllidam and Vadavãru rivers. This railroad was laid to move building materials necessary for the construction of a dam – referred as the Vadavãr dam – supervised by the Madras construction engineer Arthur Thomas Cotton in the 1830s. Since this article was published in the July–October issue of MJLS 1836, the logical deduction would be that this railroad was completed before July 1836. This human-pushed railway, therefore, precedes the presently recognized earliest goods-transporting Red Hills Railway, at least by a year, which operated between Chintãdaripét and Red Hills in Madras from 1837. The 1836 MJLS article on the Vadavãr-railroad provides fascinating details of railway engineering of the day in the Madras Presidency that are highlighted in the present note.Keywords
No Keywords.Full Text
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- Clinical Manual for India – An Internally Published Handbook for Medical Students of the Madras Medical College in the Late 19th Century
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Authors
Affiliations
1 University of Notre Dame (School of Medicine), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 University of Notre Dame (School of Medicine), Fremantle, WA 6160, AU
2 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 140-150Abstract
A printed book, titled ‘Clinical Manual for India: Compiled for the Use of the Students of the Madras Medical College’ (hereafter, ‘MMC Manual’), was available for student use in the Madras Medical College (MMC) between 1878 and 1897. The first edition of this book must have served as casual class notes prepared by Arthur Branfoot, Professor of Midwifery at MMC in 1878. The second and third editions, more formally prepared than the first, were printed books compiled and edited by Charles Sibthorpe, who taught pathology at MMC. The fourth and the last edition was compiled and edited by a team consisting of Branfoot, John Maitland (Surgeon), and John Smyth (Physician), academics at MMC and concurrently, full surgeons at the Madras General Hospital. This Manual, which might have served similar to either a study guide or a handbook, impresses as a unique effort in enabling and empowering the MB&CM and LM&S students at MMC at that time. The book was intended for the use of medical students of MMC only. No book of similar kind existed for students in medical colleges in other Indian presidencies. Here, we briefly examine the contents of the available 1883 (the second) and 1897 (the fourth) editions of the MMC Manual. The fourth (1897) edition strongly resembles James Finlayson’s ‘Clinical Manual for the Study of Medical Cases’ (1891) in contents and design. The ‘Clinical Manual for India’ impresses as a powerful and useful teaching – learning tool, especially of diagnostic medicine, since it includes most of the relevant medical information, in spite of a few weaknesses. Notably it cites some of the then newly published medical journal articles and books.Full Text
- Gall-inducing Insects and Plants: The Induction Conundrum
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIRO (Health and Biosecurity), Underwood Avenue, Floreat Park, WA 6014 & Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 CSIRO (Health and Biosecurity), Underwood Avenue, Floreat Park, WA 6014 & Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 66-78Abstract
Galls induced by insects and mites (insects, hereafter) have been a subject of interest to insect ecologists because of the unusual habit of gall induction and for their tightly connected relationships. These specialist insects and mites have been explored to explain the nature of interactions between them and the plants by entomologists, ecologists and plant physiologists over the last two centuries. However, the questions why only certain insect taxa induce galls on specific species of plants and how galls are induced remain challenging. Whereas several efforts made across the world implicate plant-growth regulators (PGRs) in answering the question on how galls are induced, this article emphasizes the establishment of a metaplasied cell at the location where the tip of the chitinous mandible or ovipositor first hits in the plant. In the light of the differentiation of a metaplasied cell, the earliest plant response, it is but critical to evaluate the physiology of that cell and the ‘new’ physiological events triggered around it, heralding gall initiation. PGRs certainly play a role in gall growth, but only during later stages. This article does not answer the question on how galls are induced. However, it brings to light the gaps that need to be addressed in future in the backdrop of the efforts made over the years. Since we need to deal with the physiological changes that occur in a metaplasied cell and a few adjacent cells, the use of sophisticated optical equipment and pertinent software to achieve a structured and articulate explanation impresses as the way to go.Keywords
Cell-wall Debris, Chitinous Mandible, Gall Induction, Pathogenic Fungi, Plant-Growth Regulators.Full Text
- Water-distribution Efforts in Madras: From Sailor George Baker (1750s) to Engineers John Jones, Hormusji Nowroji and James Madeley (1870s–1920s)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIRO, Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia and Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Chennai 600 002, IN
1 CSIRO, Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia and Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Chennai 600 002, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 575-585Abstract
Madras (now Chennai) has been, and is, an acutely water-scarce city. Today the city’s landscape has undergone substantial changes losing many of its reservoirs. In this context, here we highlight the efforts made in distributing water to Madras residents from the late 17th to the early 20th centuries. In the 1770s, George Baker, a sailor, dug large wells in the ‘Seven Wells Street’. In the late 1860s, James Fraser (Madras Engineers Corps?) proposed to the Government at Fort St. George that the Kôsasŧalai river should be accessed for water for Madras and the water be stored in the now near-extinct Spur Tank. Kilpauk – about a kilometre away from the Spur Tank – was chosen, instead, because of cost. The Madras-Municipal Water Works (MMWW) at Kilpauk was formally launched in 1872. Although the Government of Madras owned the MMWW, the Corporation of Madras (CoM) retained the responsibility of day-to-day water distribution. In the 1880s, John Alfred Jones, executive engineer, CoM, improved the open channel that delivered water from the Red-Hills reservoir to Kilpauk. He proposed construction of filter beds in MMWW. In 1903, an Indian engineer Hormusji Nowroji from the Government service was seconded to CoM. During his stay with CoM until 1912, Nowroji worked on improving water distribution. He submitted a report to the Government, the Nowroji Report, untraceable today. James Madeley from Manchester, UK, was appointed as the Special Engineer to CoM, in-charge of drainage works. Because his position was equal to that of the Chief Engineer, Madeley is today credited for developing water distribution in Madras. This note refers to the scientific water-works of Jones, Nowroji and Madeley. It also brings to light a controversy, not been spoken about previously. Nowroji has written in a British civil-engineering journal, The Surveyor (1915), challenging Madeley’s report published earlier in the same journal. From the early 1970s, the Government of Tamil Nadu (Government of Madras) has been making efforts to the improve water situation in Chennai bending over backwards. One effort was to bring water from the Veerãnam lake in Cuddalore district across c. 250 km. At present water from this reservoir meets most of Chennai’s requirements.Full Text
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- A Device used and Some Methods Practised by Tamil Mariners in the Mid-19th Century: Notes of Harry Congreve, Madras Infantry, 1850
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIRO, Underwood Avenue, Floreat Park, WA 6014 and Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
1 CSIRO, Underwood Avenue, Floreat Park, WA 6014 and Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 123, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 111-119Abstract
No abstract.Keywords
No keywords.Full Text
References
- No references.
- Unheard Voices: A Tranquebarian Stroll. P. S. Ramanujam
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Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIRO, Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia
1 CSIRO, Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia
Source
Current Science, Vol 123, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 494-498Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
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1 CSIRO (Health & Biosecurity), 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia, AU
1 CSIRO (Health & Biosecurity), 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia, AU
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 8 (2023), Pagination: 1000-1002Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
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