Current Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Association between Epidemiology and Haematophagous Behaviour of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi Infecting Sheep of Kashmir Valley, India


Affiliations
1 Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, India
 

Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are predominantly sheep parasites and majority of the pathological effects they cause are due to their bloodfeeding behaviour. This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of these two parasites in sheep of Kashmir Valley, India and to determine effect on haematological parameters of sheep. H. contortus was more prevalent than O. ostertagi; the infection was found to be higher in summer, lower age groups and males. As far as the effect on haematology is concerned, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count showed significant decrease and white blood cell count showed significant increase in case of infected sheep.

Keywords

Epidemiology, Haemonchus contortus, Haematophagous Behaviour, Ostertagia ostertagi, Sheep.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Newton, S. E. and Munn, E. A., The development of vaccines against gastrointestinal nematode parasites, particularly Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol. Today, 1999, 15, 116–122.

  • Areskog, M., Sollenberg, S., Engstrom, A., Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. and Hoglund, J., A controlled study on gastrointestinal nematodes from two Swedish cattle farms showing field evidence of ivermectin resistance. Parasites Vectors, 2014, 7, 13.

  • Gilleard, J. S., Haemonchus contortus as a paradigm and model to study anthelmintic drug resistance. Parasitology, 2013, 140, 1506–1522.

  • Jabbar, A., Campbell, A. J. D., Charles, J. A. and Gasser, R. B., First report of anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus in alpacas in Australia. Parasites Vectors, 2013, 6, 243.

  • Meeusen, E. N. T., Walker, J., Peters, A., Pastoret, P. P. and Jungersen, G., Current status of veterinary vaccines. J. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2007, 20, 489–510.

  • Soulsby, E. J. L., Genero: Haemonchus Cobb, 1898. In Parasitologia yenfermedades parasitarias en los animals domesticos. Interamericana S. A. Mexico, 1987, 7th edn., pp. 232–238.

  • Benjamin, M. M., Outline of veterinary clinical pathology. Iowa State University Press Ames Iowa, USA, 1981, 2nd edn, pp. 213–238.

  • Coles, E. H., Veterinary Clinical Pathology, W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA, 1986, IV edn.

  • Coffin, D. L., Manual of Veterinary and Clinical Pathology, Comstock Publishing Associates Inc. Ithaca, New York, USA, 1995, 3rd edn.

  • England, J. M. and Bain, B. J., Total and differential leukocytes counts. Br. J. Haematol., 1976, 33, 1.

  • Marshal, P. N., Bentley, S. A. and Levis, S. M., An evaluation of some Romanowsky stains prepared from some purified dyes. J. Clin. Pathol., 1975, 28, 680.

  • Conn, H. J. and Darrow, M. S., Staining procedure used by the Biological Staining Commission, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1960, 2nd edn.

  • Simmons, A., Leverton, P. and Elbert, G., Normal laboratory values for differential white cell counts established by manual and automated cytochemical methods (Hemalog D). J. Clin. Pathol., 1974, 27, 55.

  • Schalm, O. W., Jain, W. C. and Carrol, E. J., Veterinary Haematology, Lea and Febieger, Philadelphia, USA, 1975, 3rd edn, pp. 1–807.

  • Tasawar, Z., Naz, F., Lashari, M. H. and Hayat, C. S., Prevalence of Ostertagia spp. in a sheep herd. Sarhad J. Agric., 2011, 27, 275–278.

  • Kumsa, B. and Wossene, A., Abomasal nematodes of small ruminants of Ogaden region, eastern Ethiopia: prevalence, worm burden and species composition. Rev. Med. Vet., 2006, 157, 27–32.

  • Khan, M. N., Sajid, M. S., Khan, M. K., Iqbal, Z. and Hussain, A., Gastrointestinal helminthiasis: prevalence and associated determinants in domestic ruminants of district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitol. Res., 2010, 107, 787–794.

  • Tariq, K. A., Chishti, M. Z., Ahmad, F. and Shawl, A. S., Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes. Vet. Parasitol., 2009, 160, 83–88.

  • Lone, B. A., Chishti, M. Z., Ahmad, F. and Tak, H., A Survey of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of slaughtered sheep and goats in Ganderbal, Kashmir. Global Vet., 2012, 8, 338–341.

  • Shwakat, M. E., Awad, F. I., Abdel-Halin, M. M., Elsayed, M. and Afify, M., Studies on the incidence and changes associated with abnormal nematodes in sheep. Egypt. J. Comp. Pathol. Clin. Pathol., 1994, 7, 25–33.

  • Javed, M. S., Iqbal, Z. and Hayat, B., Prevalence and economics of haemonchosis in sheep and goats. Pak. Vet. J., 1992, 12, 36–38.

  • Makhdoomi, D. M., Nasreen, S., Banday, S. D. and Moulvi, B. A., Incidence of different bovine gastrointestinal parasites in Kashmir. Indian Vet. J., 1995, 72, 898–900.

  • Lateef, M., Iqbal, Z., Jabbar, A., Khan, M. N. and Akhtar, M. S., Epidemiology of trichostrongylid nematode infections in sheep under traditional husbandry system in Pakistan. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 2005, 7, 596–600.

  • Jabeen, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, K. M., Chaudhry, M. A. and Ali, S., Studies on the epidemiology and chemotherapy of haemonchosis in sheep in the Punjab. Pak. Vet. J., 2000, 20, 90–92.

  • Kates, K. C., Survival on pasture of free living stages of some common Gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash., 1950, 17, 39–58.

  • Ahmad, F., Tariq, K. A. and Chishti, M. Z., Epidemiological studies on haemonchosis of sheep in Kashmir Valley. Orient. Sci., 2007, 12, 43–47.

  • Biu, A. A., Maimunatu, A., Salamatu, A. F. and Agbadu, E. T., A faecal survey of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants on the University of Maiduguri Research Farm. Int. J. Biomed. Health Sci., 2009, 5, 175–179.

  • Qamar, M. F., Maqbool, A., Khan, M. S., Ahmad, N. and Muneer, M. A., Epidemiology of Haemonchosis in sheep and goats under different managemental conditions. Veter. World, 2009, 2, 413–417.

  • Gorski, P., Niznikowski, R., Strzelec, E., Popielarczyk, D., Gajewska, A. and Wedrychowicz, H., Prevalence of protozoan and helminth internal parasite infections in goat and sheep flocks in Poland. Arch. Tierz. Dummerstorf., 2004, 47, 43–49.

  • Appleman, R. O. and Delouche, J. C., Behavioural, physiological and biochemical responses of goats to temperature 0° to 40°C. J. Anim. Sci., 1958, 17, 326–335.

  • Bianca, W., Thermoregulation. In Adaptation of Domestic Animals (ed. Hafez, S. E. S.), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1968.

  • Prasetyo, S., Miller, H. M., Scheurman, E. A. and Holmes, J. H. G., The effect of heat and humidity on pregnant feral goats. Animal Prod., 1984, 15, 541–544.

  • Popovic, W. J., Brown, J. E. and Adamson, J. W., The influence of thyroid hormones on in vitro erythropoiesis. J. Clin. Invest., 1977, 60, 907–913.

  • Dainiak, N., Hoffman, R., Maffei, L. A. and Forget, B. G., Potentiation of human erythropoiesis in vitro by thyroid hormone. Nature, 1978, 272, 260–262.

  • Dainiak, N., Sutter, D. and Kreczko, S., The blood picture L-triiodothyronine augments erythropoietic growth factor release from blood and bone marrow leukoyctes. Blood, 1986, 68, 1289–1297.

  • Fandrey, J., Pagel, H., Frede, S., Wolff, M. and Jelkmann, W., Thyroid hormones enhance hypoxia induced erythropoietin production in vitro. Exp. Haematol., 1994, 22, 272–277.

  • Payne, W. J. A., An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics, Longman Scientific and Technical, England, UK, 1990.

  • Soulsby, E. J. L., Helminth, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals, Bailler, Tindall, London, 1982, 7th edn, pp. 212–242.

  • Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. and Bruss, M. L., Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 1997, 5th edn, pp. 890–894.

  • Kramer, J. W., Normal hematology of cattle, sheep and goats. In Schalm’s veterinary hematology (eds Feldman, B. F., Zinkl, J. G. and Jain, N. C.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 5th edn, pp. 1075–1084.

  • El-Sayed, M., El-Ramady, R. A. and Tawfik, S. A., Effect of mirazid on fascioliasis and blood chemistry in sheep. Egyptian J. Agric. Res., 2003, 81, 785–796.

  • Lotfy, H. S., Mahmoud, S. M. and Abdel-Gawad, M. A., Some studies on fascioliasis in mid-Egypt. Agric. Res., 2003, 81, 209–227.

  • Omran, H. H. and El-Kholony, K. H., The influence of Nitroxynil on clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters in Egyptian buffaloes affected with liver flukes in Sharkia goveronerate. Egyptian J. Agric. Res., 2003, 81, 739–751.

  • Mottelib, A. A., Haroon, E. M., Magzoob, M. and El-Basheer, E., The effect of gastrointestinal parasites on the blood picture of sheep and goats at Al-Gassim. Assiut Vet. Med. J., 1992, 28, 215–223.

  • Esmaeilnejad, B., Tavassoli, M. and Asri-Rezaei, S., Investigation of hematological and biochemical parameters in small ruminants naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Vet. Res. Forum, 2012, 3, 31–36.

  • El-Aziz, M. Z. A., Emara, S. A. and Salem, F. S., Clinicopathological studies on fascioliasis among sheep in Giza province. Egypt. J. Veter. Sci., 2002, 36, 75–86.

  • Waweru, J. G., Kanyari, P. W. N., Mwangi, D. M., Ngatia, T. A. and Nansen, P., Comparative parasitological and hematological changes in two breeds of sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 1999, 31, 363–372.

  • Zhang, Z. W. Y., Moreau, E., Hope, J. C., Howard, C. J., Huang, W. Y. and Chauvin, A., Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica: comparison of cellular response to experimental infection in sheep. Exp. Parasitol., 2005, 111, 154–159.


Abstract Views: 232

PDF Views: 63




  • Association between Epidemiology and Haematophagous Behaviour of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi Infecting Sheep of Kashmir Valley, India

Abstract Views: 232  |  PDF Views: 63

Authors

Irfan-Ur-Rauf Tak
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, India
Jehangir Shafi Dar
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, India
B. A. Ganai
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, India
M. Z. Chishti
Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, India

Abstract


Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are predominantly sheep parasites and majority of the pathological effects they cause are due to their bloodfeeding behaviour. This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of these two parasites in sheep of Kashmir Valley, India and to determine effect on haematological parameters of sheep. H. contortus was more prevalent than O. ostertagi; the infection was found to be higher in summer, lower age groups and males. As far as the effect on haematology is concerned, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count showed significant decrease and white blood cell count showed significant increase in case of infected sheep.

Keywords


Epidemiology, Haemonchus contortus, Haematophagous Behaviour, Ostertagia ostertagi, Sheep.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv113%2Fi09%2F1776-1783