Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

D. M. Shinkar ¹, Aarif S. Khatik ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjineri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Liquisolid system is a novel concept of drug delivery via oral route. Solubility is the phenomenon of dissolution of solid in liquid phase and is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response. Poorly water soluble compound’s oral administration often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations because insufficient dissolution rate of the drug is the limiting factor in the oral bioavailability and one of the most challenging aspects of drug development. Design of this technique was according to new mathematical model proposed by Spireas et al. The drug is dissolved or dispersed in suitable non-volatile solvent and this liquid medication is converted to free flow powder by using carrier and coating material. To this suitable excipients were added and tabletting by direct compression. In this case, even though the drug is in a solid dosage form, it is held within the powder substrate in solution or, in a solubilized, almost molecularly dispersed state, which contributes to the enhanced drug dissolution properties. Large scale production of fabricated drug on commercial level. Succesful liquisolid tablet is a determination of optimal flowable liquid retention.

Keywords

Liquisolid System, Dissolution of Solid.

Full Text

     

Pradnya M. Khandagale ¹, Bhushan Bhairav ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

While arriving new century, lyophilization in the pharmaceutical field has been subjected to ongoing development and steady expansion. This review objectives to highlight recent advances but also to discuss further challenges in lyophilization. At first, the three major steps of a typical lyophilization process, namely freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying. Additionally, a general description of the essential components and their function in a lyophilizer is given. The principle of lyophilization; heat transfer and mass transfer also described. The expanded range of pharmaceutical applications based on lyophilization is brief. Now a days, lyophilization has also gained importance for the preservation and stabilization of biological products, hormones, proteins, nucleic acid based. This review deals with the solubliser, stabilizer and cryoprotectant used in various lyophilized formulations of the molecules. The role of solubliser, stabilizer and cryoprotectant has been discussed.

Keywords

Lyophilization, Importance of Lyophilization Process, Methods of Lyophilization Process, Excipients Used in Lyophilized Formulation.

Full Text

     

Sarika V. Khandbahale ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, and have been extensively studied for their potential carrier capabilities for the delivery of drugs. Such drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes are prepared simply by collecting blood samples from the organism of interest, separating erythrocytes from plasma, entrapping drug in the erythrocytes, and resealing the resultant cellular carriers, these carriers are called resealed erythrocytes. Among the various carriers used for targeting drugs to various body tissues, the cellular carriers meet several criteria desirable in clinical applications, among the most important being biocompatibility of carrier and its degradation products. Carrier erythrocytes, resealed erythrocytes loaded by a drug or other therapeutic agents, have been exploited extensively in recent years for both temporally and spatially controlled delivery of a wide variety of drugs and other bioactive agents owing to their remarkable degree of biocompatibility, biodegradability and a series of other potential advantages. Leucocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, nano erythrocytes, hepatocytes, and fibroblast etc. have been proposed as cellular carrier systems. Among these, the erythrocytes have been the most investigated and have found to possess greater potential in drug delivery. In this review article, the potential applications of erythrocytes in drug delivery have been reviewed with a particular stress on the studies and laboratory experiences on successful erythrocyte loading and characterization of the different classes of biopharmaceuticals.

Keywords

Resealed Erythrocytes, Drug Targeting, Isolation, Drug Loading Method, Characterization Methods and Applications.

Full Text

     

D. M. Shinkar ¹, Bhushan S. Bhamare ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

The drug delivery technology landscape has become highly competitive and rapidly evolving. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Peptides, proteins and DNA-based therapeutics cannot be effectively delivered by conventional means. To control the delivery rate of active agents to a predetermined site in human body has been one of the biggest challenges faced by drug industry. Controlled release of drugs onto the epidermis with assurance that the drug remains primarily localized and does not enter the systemic circulation in significant amounts is an area of research that is successively done by the Microsponge delivery system. This review covers the advantages of Microsponges, their formulation and applications in pharmaceutical field.

Keywords

Microsponge, Controlled Release, Topical Drug Delivery, Oral Drug Delivery, Liquid-Liquid Suspension Polymerization.

Full Text

     

A. B. Darekar ¹, S. Zope Janhavi ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The world pharmaceutical industry has been changing profoundly in the last decade. Intensive globalization, increased competitiveness and the fight for global market shares create new challenges for pharmaceutical companies. Fast globalization definitively reinforces the consolidation of the world Pharmaceutical industry . The current shift in the marketing strategy is work by multinational Pharmaceutical Companies. It is now High - end development that is being carried out by leading companies. And, increasingly, other companies are finding themselves competing against, or working with, new innovation - based companies. My study focuses on objectives, importance, levels, theories, functions and types of pharmaceutical management and also pharmaceutical marketing, difference between general marketing and pharmaceutical marketing. Also study the overlook on Global Pharma Industry and Indian Pharma Industry. In this study the top 50 companies in 2009 and 2014 year are listed out. Also OTC segments and Pharmaceutical Policy are included in this article.

Keywords

Objectives, Importance, Functions, Difference between General Marketing and Pharmaceutical Marketing, Top 50 Companies in 2009 and 2014, OTC, Pharmaceutical Policy.

Full Text

     

D. M. Shinkar ¹, Rohan S. Gadakh ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Disintegrants are the substances that causes the rapid disintegration of the capsules or tablets into smaller particles that dissolves more rapidly than in the absence of the disintegrants. On the other hand superdisintegrants, are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Superdisintegrants categories such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural and coprocessed blends etc. They are used in mouth dissolving tablet as well as conventional tablet to overcome the limitations of this dosage form. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low conc. in the solid dosage form. The present review comprises the various kinds of Superdisintegrants like natural and synthetic which are being used in the formulation.

Keywords

Superdisintegrants, Disintegrants, Fast Release, Swelling, Wetting.

Full Text

     

Amol P. Suryawanshi ¹, Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Granulation is one of the most important unit operation in the production of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms. Granulation is defined as the size enlargement process in which fine and smaller particle are aggregated to form strong and stable particles called granules. Granulation process improves flow compressibility and content uniformity of powders this technique helps to achieve improved yields with tablet defects , high productivity along with reduced down time the present review mainly focused on granulation techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of the process.

Keywords

Granulation, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Improved Yields.

Full Text

     

L. Sonawane Pradnya ¹, A. B. Darekar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The recent patented literature has concluded that there is an increasing interest in the novel dosage forms which retained in stomach for a longer period of time. Bilayer floating drug delivery system is new era for development of controlled release formulation. Bilayer floating drug delivery system is combined principle of bilayer technology as well as floating tablet is suitable for two incompatible drugs. The dosage form contains one sustain release layer and other is immediate layer. The immediate release layer is used to maintain dose. The floating dosage form can be prepared as tablet, capsule by adding suitable ingredients as well as adding gas generating agents.

Keywords

Gastroretentive Dosage Forms, Bilayer Floating Drug Delivery System, Immediate Layer, Control Release Layer.

Full Text

     

Pooja M. Nikam ¹, S. B. Gondkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nasik- 422003, IN

Abstract

The Overall prevalence rate for CNS pathology has demonstrated that approximately 1.5 billion people under going from disorders of central nervous system. The most distressing fact about delivery of drugs to the CNS is the presence of blood brain barrier that have a tendency to impair the drug distribution and denotes the major impediment for the development of CNS drugs. Neuropeptides and many drugs which are hydrophilic in nature, possibly will encompass the intricacy while passing the blood brain barrier. The net amount of delivered drug (medicinal agent) and its capability to gain access to the pertinent target sites are the main considering points for CNS drug development. In order to distribute the drugs into the CNS via passing the blood brain barrier, many new emerging approaches have been developed for example Magnetic drug targeting, chemical delivery Systems, Drug carrier systems (antibodies, liposomes or Nanoparticles). Among drug carrier system, Nanoparticles exhibit an impressive attention in the field of targeted drug delivery system because of possessing solid colloidal particles with a size range between 1- 1000nm. Gradual drug release reduced peripheral toxicity and potential totarget specific brain sites by crossing the blood brain barrier are major benefits contributed by Nanoparticles. In this review we will discuss the methodologies for targeting the brain site.

Keywords

Brain Barrier, Drug Delivery to Brain, Nanotechnology, Colloidal Drug Carriers.

Full Text

     

T. V. Kadam ¹, A. B. Darekar ¹, S. B. Gondkar ², R. B. Saudagar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

In these studies describes a simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Azelaic acid in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the measurement of absorbance of Azelaic acid solution in Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 at 204nm in the wavelength range of 200-400nm. The method obeys Beer's Lambert's law in the selected concentration range10-50 μg/ml in selected media. The slope, intercept and correlation coefficient were also calculated. Results of percentage recovery study shows that the method was not affected by the presence of common excipients in tablets. The parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity study i.e. limit of detection and limit of quantitation were studied according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation which proves suitability of proposed method for routine estimation of Azelaic acid in pure and pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords

UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Method Development, Azelaic Acid.

Full Text

     

Pradnya M. Khandagale ¹, Bhushan Bhairav ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems (OCDDS) are most promising systems for controlled drug delivery. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems utilize osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of active agents. Various patents are available for osmotic drug delivery system like Rose and Nelson pump, Higuchi Leeper pump, Higuchi Theeuwes pump, Elementary osmotic pump etc. Various techniques available for preparation of OCDDS include push pull osmotic pump, Osmotic bursting osmotic pump, Liquid OROS, Telescopic capsule for delayed release, OROS-CT (colon targeting), and Sandwiched osmotic tablet system. These systems can be used for systemic as well as targeted delivery of drugs. Drug delivery from these systems, to a large extent, is independent of physiological factors of GI tract. Release of drug from formulation is depends on various formulation factors such as solubility of drug, osmotic pressure generated in the system, size of the drug delivery orifice, nature and thickness of rate controlling membrane. The present review article mainly focus on the basic components of osmotically controlled drug delivery system, various factors governing drug release from these systems and types of osmotically controlled drug delivery systems. Osmotic drug delivery systems differ from diffusion based systems in that the delivery of the active agents is driven by an osmotic gradient rather than the concentration of drug in the device.

Keywords

Osmotic Drug Delivery, Osmosis, Osmotic Gradient, Various Techniques for Osmotic Drug Delivery.

Full Text

     

Smita S. Aher ¹, Sagar T. Malsane ², R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Nanosuspensions are important carriers to develop novel drug formulations. Nanosuspensions have emerged as a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs because of their versatile features and unique advantages. Nanosuspension technology solved the problem of drugs which are poorly aqueous soluble and less bioavailability. Stability and bioavailability of the drugs can be improved by the Nanosuspension technology. Techniques such as media milling and high pressure homogenization have been used commercially for producing nanosuspensions. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes.Nanosuspensions can also be used for targeted drug delivery when incorporated in the Ocular inserts and mucoadhesive hydrogels. Currently, efforts are being directed to extending their applications in site-specific drug delivery.

Keywords

Nanosuspension, Solubility Enhancement, Particle Size, Surfactant, Colloidal Dispersion, Oral Bioavailability.

Full Text

     

R. B. Saudagar ¹, Sarika V. Khandbahale ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Over the few decades, advances in the in-situ gel technologies have spurred development in many medical and biomedical applications including controlled drug delivery. Many Novel In-Situ gel based delivery matrices have been designed and fabricated to fulfill the ever increasing needs of the pharmaceutical and medical fields. In-Situ gel drug delivery systems are sol form before administration in the body, but once administered, undergo gelation in-situ, to form gel. The formation of gel depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions from which drug get released in sustained and controlled manner. In-Situ gels exhibit the properties of linear polymer solutions outside the body (allowing easy injection) but gel In-Situ within the body, providing prolonged drug release profiles. Recently, it has been shown that many drugs have better bioavailability by nasal route than the oral route. This has been attributed to reach vasculature and highly permeable structure of nasal mucosa coupled with avoidance of Hepatic-first pass metabolism. Thus this review focuses on nasal drug delivery, various aspects of nasal anatomy and physiology, nasal absorption mechanism, and In-Situ gels evaluations.

Keywords

Nasal In-Situ Gel, Absorption Enhancer, Nasal Formulation, Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System.

Full Text

     

Sarika V. Khandbahale ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique, R. G. Sapkal college of Pharmacy, Anjaneri Nashik, IN
2 Depatment of Pharmaceutical chemistry, R.G. Sapkal college of Pharmacy Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Nanotechnology refers to the creation and utilization of materials whose constituents exist at the nanoscale; and, by convention, be up to 100 nm in size. Nanotechnology explores electrical, optical, and magnetic activity as well as structural behaviour at the molecular and submolecular level. It has the potential to revolutionize a series of medical and biotechnology tools and procedures so that they are portable, cheaper, safer, and easier to administer. Nanoparticles are being used for diverse purposes, from medical treatments, using in various branches of industry production such as solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to wide incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labelling and treatment of some cancers. Due to their exceptional properties including antibacterial activity, high resistance to oxidation and high thermal conductivity, nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Metallic nanoparticles that have immense applications in industries are of different types, namely, Gold, Silver, Alloy, magnetic etc. This study aims to present an overview of nanoparticles, with special reference to their mechanism of biosynthesis and types.

Keywords

Nanoparticles, Silver, Bactericidal, Thermal Conductivity, Optical Devices.

Full Text