Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pradnya M. Khandagale ¹, Bhushan Bhairav ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

While arriving new century, lyophilization in the pharmaceutical field has been subjected to ongoing development and steady expansion. This review objectives to highlight recent advances but also to discuss further challenges in lyophilization. At first, the three major steps of a typical lyophilization process, namely freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying. Additionally, a general description of the essential components and their function in a lyophilizer is given. The principle of lyophilization; heat transfer and mass transfer also described. The expanded range of pharmaceutical applications based on lyophilization is brief. Now a days, lyophilization has also gained importance for the preservation and stabilization of biological products, hormones, proteins, nucleic acid based. This review deals with the solubliser, stabilizer and cryoprotectant used in various lyophilized formulations of the molecules. The role of solubliser, stabilizer and cryoprotectant has been discussed.

Keywords

Lyophilization, Importance of Lyophilization Process, Methods of Lyophilization Process, Excipients Used in Lyophilized Formulation.

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Pradnya M. Khandagale ¹, Bhushan Bhairav ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Technique R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems (OCDDS) are most promising systems for controlled drug delivery. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems utilize osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of active agents. Various patents are available for osmotic drug delivery system like Rose and Nelson pump, Higuchi Leeper pump, Higuchi Theeuwes pump, Elementary osmotic pump etc. Various techniques available for preparation of OCDDS include push pull osmotic pump, Osmotic bursting osmotic pump, Liquid OROS, Telescopic capsule for delayed release, OROS-CT (colon targeting), and Sandwiched osmotic tablet system. These systems can be used for systemic as well as targeted delivery of drugs. Drug delivery from these systems, to a large extent, is independent of physiological factors of GI tract. Release of drug from formulation is depends on various formulation factors such as solubility of drug, osmotic pressure generated in the system, size of the drug delivery orifice, nature and thickness of rate controlling membrane. The present review article mainly focus on the basic components of osmotically controlled drug delivery system, various factors governing drug release from these systems and types of osmotically controlled drug delivery systems. Osmotic drug delivery systems differ from diffusion based systems in that the delivery of the active agents is driven by an osmotic gradient rather than the concentration of drug in the device.

Keywords

Osmotic Drug Delivery, Osmosis, Osmotic Gradient, Various Techniques for Osmotic Drug Delivery.

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