Asian Journal of Bio Science

Pankaj Prajapat ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Aberrant weather conditions prevailing in the last few years increased the threat of wheat lodging which is a limiting factor for higher productivity and thus, lodging management is very important to sustain and achieve higher wheat yields. Keeping this in view, two studies were conducted to manage lodging in wheat by evaluating agro-chemicals. Experiment I consisted of 12 treatments laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications having four NPK doses and three growth regulators, NGR, GR1 and GR2. Results revealed that RDF resulted in more tiller/m², shoot: emergence ratio, increased plant height, increased dry matter but these growth parameters were at par with SSNM-7 and SSNM-8. RDF resulted in minimum lodging angle, area lodged per cent and lodging score, highest grain yield and highest harvest index, maximum gross return, net returns and B: C , maximum nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by grain. Whereas potassium uptake was highest under SSNM-8. Nutrient doses above RDF favoured the wheat lodging. GR2 resulted in higher emergence, higher tiller/m², lower mortality percentage, higher dry matter production, higher leaf area index, higher 1000 grain weight. However, plant height and internode length was minimum in GR1. Grain yield and harvest index was higher in GR1. Interaction effects for lodging observation revealed that RDF with GR1 resulted in lower lodging angle, area per cent lodged and lodging score. RDF with GR2 resulted in higher 1000 grain weight. Grain yield and harvest index was highest in RDF with GR1. In experiment-2 lodging was induced manually at grain filling stage by dragging a rope over plot to evaluate the effect of agro-chemicals on recovery ability of induced lodged wheat. This experiment consisted of five treatments as RDF+WL, RDF+IL, RDF+IL+ ethrel, RDF+IL+KC1 and RDF+IL+nano-silicon. Results revealed that tiller/m², shoot: emergence ratio, plant height was not affected by treatments. Dry matter, leaf area index, peduncle length, internode length, days taken to physiological maturity was highest in RDF+WL. Lodging angle, area per cent lodged and lodging score was minimum in RDF + nano-silicon. 1000 grain weight was maximum in RDF+WL which was at par with RDF+IL+ nanosilicon. Grain yield, biological yield, straw yield and harvest index was highest in RDF+WL. Gross return, net return, benefit: cost ratio was highest in RDF+WL. Ethrel, KC1 and nano- silicon have recovered the wheat from induced lodging, but nano-silicon was more effective in recovering from artificially induced lodging. However, these chemicals did not recover the crop fully and yield was still much lower than RDF + WL. From this study it can be concluded that RDF along with cycocel should be recommended for wheat crop to minimize the crop lodging and thus, produce more grain yield.

Keywords

NPK, SSNM-7, SSNM-8, Nano-Silicon, NGR.

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Manisha Kumari Gour ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisting of three levels of vermicompost (control, 2.5 and 5t ha^-1) and five levels of different nutrients (control, S @ 40kg/ha^-1, S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + iron @ 9.5kg/ha^-1, S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + zinc @ 5kg/ha^-1, S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + iron @ 9.5kg/ha^-1 + zinc @ 5kg/ha^-1) were applied to the mustard var. Bio-902 as soil application with uniform application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as per recommended doses. The main findings of investigation are summarized as:- (i) The increasing levels of vermicompost application increased the plant height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, test weight, seed and stover yield as well as content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and iron in seed and stover, oil content in seed, net returns and B:C ratio as compared to control. The pH and EC of soil decreased whereas, organic carbon and available N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of soil at harvest stage of crop were increased significantly with increasing levels of vermicompost. (ii) the application of different nutrients increased significantly the plant height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, test weight, seed yield, stover yield, content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and iron in seed and stover, oil content in seed and net returns and B:C ratio as compared to control. The application of different nutrients significantly enhanced the available N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of soil whereas, the effect on pH, EC and organic carbon were found nonsignificant at harvest stage of crop. (iii) The combined application of vermicompost and different nutrients was more beneficial for increasing seed, stover yield, and zinc and iron uptake by seed and net returns of mustard as compared to their individual application. The higher seed yield, Zn uptake by seed, Fe uptake by seed and net returns (2099.02 kg ha^-1, 894.60, 3563.69 g ha^-1 and 53773 Rs. ha^-1) were obtained under the combined application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 + different nutrients (S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + iron @ 9.5kg/ha^-1 + zinc @ 5kg/ha^-1), respectively.

Keywords

RDF, NPK, Vermicompost, Stover, Mustard.

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K. Hanumantha Rao ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Genetic diversity among 14 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions was examined at DNA level by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Twenty primers used to produce a total of 201 RAPD fragments, of which 120 (59.70%) were polymorphic. Each primer generated 4 to 15 amplified fragments with an average of 10.05 bands per primer. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, simple match similarity co-efficients were computed to assess the associations among the accessions. Pair-wise similarity indices varied from 0.63 to 0.91. A UPGMA cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities located most of the accessions far apart from one another, showing a high level of polymorphism. Genetically, all the genotypes were classified into four major clusters. A single accession (Kayamkulam) was relatively distinct from rest of the accessions and created independent cluster. In conclusion, even with the use of a limited set of primers, RAPD technique revealed a high level of genetic variation among sesame accessions collected from diverse ecologies of India. This high level of genetic diversity among the genotypes suggested that RAPD technique is valuable for sesame systematic and can be helpful for the upholding of germplasm banks and the competent choice of parents in breeding programmes.

Keywords

RAPD, DNA, Genetic Analysis, Germplasm, Sesame.

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Pawan Kumar Patidar ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The importance of fennel is well realized on account of its high remunerative prices, domestic consumption, medicinal value and means to get earn foreign exchange. Despite the economic importance of fennel, disease resistant, locally acceptable and high yielding crop. The present investigation was therefore, carried out to estimate the magnitude and nature of genetic variability in terms of variation, heritability, genetic advance and genetic diversity for different traits like seed yield per plant and yield contributing traits in a set of 50 germplasm with four checks and extent of environmental influence on these traits, form the basis on which a breeder can predict the extent of dependence on phenotypic selection for improvement of traits. The analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of variability was present in germplasm lines for almost all morphological traits studied as days to germination, 50 per cent flowering, king umbel anthesis, number of number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, plant height (cm), diameter of king umbel (cm), number of umbels per plant, number of umbellates per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, at a test-weight (g) and seed yield (g). A wide range of mean for yield and some of its contributing traits indicates good chance for improvement of yield through direct selection or by transferring desired traits. On the basis of mean performance of yield and other yield contributing morphological traits, the germplasm AF-22, AF-63, AF-85, AF-96, AF-128, AF-48, AF-45, AF-62, AF-47, AF-58, AF-80, AF-154, AF-32, AF-44, AF-108, AF-140, AF-134, AF-22, AF-63, AF-85, AF-96, AF-128, AF-48, AF-45, AF-62, F-47, AF-58, AF-80, AF-154, AF-32, AF-44, AF-108, AF-140, AF-134, AF-22, AF-63, AF-85, AF-96, AF-128, AF-48, AF-45, AF-62, AF-47, AF-58, AF-80, AF-154, AF-32, AF-44, AF-108, AF-140, AF-134, were found to be superior. The variability of characters was compared on the basis of co-efficient of variation. The genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) were worked out. Higher GCV (genotypic co-efficient of variation) was recorded for number of umbels per plant (15.7), seed yield (12.4) and number of secondary branches per plant (12.3), it expresses the true genetic potential which indicated the presence of high amount of genetic variability for these characters thus, selection may be more effective for these characters because the response to selection is directly proportional to the component of variability, while, number of seeds per umbellate (11.9), king umbel diameter (10.8) and umbellate per umbel showed moderate to high genotypic co-efficient of variation. Whereas primary branches (9.6), test weight (8.1) showed low magnitude of genotypic co-efficient of variation. Higher PCV was recorded for number of umbels per plant (16.7), king umbel diameter (14.3) and number of secondary branches per plant (14.0), while, seed yield (g) (12.5), number of seeds per umbellate (12.1) and number of umbellates per umbel (11.1) showed moderate to high phenotypic co-efficient of variation. Whereas number of primary branches (10.6), test weight (g) (8.9) showed low magnitude of phenotypic co-efficient of variation.

Keywords

Variability, Germplasm, Phenotypic, Heritability, Fennel.

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Pawan Kumar ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwantn University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

In the present study of correlation which revealed that average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, equatorial fruit diameter, polar fruit diameter, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content possessed significant positive correlation with total fruit yield and days to 50 per cent flowering and days to first fruit set was having high significant negative correlation with total fruit yield. On the other hand total soluble solids content have high significant positive correlation with lycopene content, total carotenoids content, total phenol content and total antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids exerted high significant negative correlation towards titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content. This study revealed that large size tomato fruits are not just good yielder moreover, they are also nutritionally very rich in quality. Path analysis studies in this research work revealed high direct positive effect of number of fruits per plant, equatorial fruit diameter, polar fruit diameter, days to first flowering, days to first fruit set on total fruit yield and quality both. While high negative direct effect on total yield was expressed by days to 50 per cent flowering, average fruit weight, lycopene content, total carotenoids content. Hence, selection for number of fruits per plant, equatorial fruit diameter and polar fruit diameter can be effectively done for improving yield. While heterosis studies showed that cross Pusa Rohini x CLNB possessed high significant SH towards days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first fruit set. Arka Alok x CLNB posessed high significant BPH and SH heterosis in the desirable direction for total fruit yield, while Pusa Rohini x Sel-12 was having high significant standard heterosis for total soluble solids, lycopene content and total carotenoids content , respectively. On the basis of combining ability studies we were able to identify the best parents and hybrids based on GCA and SCA analysis. So on GCA basis Kashi Vishesh was found to be the best general combiner in relation to fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield whereas Sel-12 was found to be the best general combiner in relation to earliness while Pusa Rohini was found to be the best in relation to important biochemical aspects. While on SCA basis cross Arka Alok x CLNB was found to be the best specific cross combination for fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield. Whereas Pusa Rohini x CLNR was found to be the best specific cross combination in relation to biochemical parameters i.e. for total soluble solids content, lycopene content, total carotenoids content, total antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content.

Keywords

GCV, SCA, CLNB, CLNR, DUS, PPV, FRA.

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