Author Details

The objective of the present study was to study the induced breeding technique and embryonic development of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794). The female brooders were injected intramuscularly with hCGhormone (6.95 IU/g dose of body mas). After 12±2 h of latency period, the fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were demersal, non-adhesive, spherical, brownish green in colour with red cap or blastidosc. The average diameter of the fertilized eggs was 1.5±0.5mm. The different stages of embryonic development were captured under bright field microscope (Olympus Cx 41) using micro publisher 3.3 RTV camera (Qimaging, BC, Canada). The mean fertilization and hatching rate was 98.7±0.5 % and 98.3±2.5 %, respectively. The complete yolk was consumed within 3 days after hatching. The hatching period was 23-24 hr. The newly hatched larvae were 3.0±0.2 mm in length.These observations showed that catfish can be bred successfully and this study would help in managing the induced breeding programmes of H. fossilis.

Keywords

Heteropneustes fossilis, hCG, Fertilized Egg, Blastodisc, Hatching.

Full Text

References

Alikunhi, K.H.(1953). Notes on the bionomics, breeding and growth of the murrelOphiocephalus striatus (Bloch). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 38: 10-20.

Arockiaraj, A.J.,Haniffa, M.A., Seetharaman, S. and Singh, S.P. (2003). Early Development of a theatened freshwater catfish Mystus montanus (Jerdon). Acta. Zoologica. Taiwanica.,14: 23-32.

Bagarinao, T. and Chua, T.E. (1986). Egg size and larval size among teleosts Implications to survival potential. (Maclean J. L., L. B.Dizon, L. V. Hossilos, Eds.), The First Asian Fisheries Forum, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, 651-656pp.

Banerji, S.R.(1974). Hypophysation and life history of Channapunctatus (Bloch).J. Inland Fish Soc. India, 6 : 62-73.

Borcato, F.L., Bazzoli, N.N. and Sato, Y. (2004). Embryogenesis and larva ontogeny of the ‘Piau-gordura’ Leporinuspiau (Fowler) (Pisces, Anostomidae) after induced spawning. Rev.Braz.Zool., 21: 117-122.

Bruton, M.N. (1979). The breeding and early development of Clariasgariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) in lake sibaya South Africa, with a review of breeding in species of the subgenus Clarias (Clarias). Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 35: 1-45.

Chaturvedi, C.S., Ayyappan, S., Sharma, A.K. and Yadav, A.K. (2001). Successful breeding of magur in Northern parts of India. In: Workshop on integration of fish biodiversity conservation and development of fisheries in North-Eastern region (12-13 December 2001), 57. NBFGR, Shillong (Meghalaya).

Chaturvedi, C. S., Sharma, A.K., Yadav, A.K. and Upadhyay, S.K. (2002). Successful induced breeding of Hereropreustes fossilis (Bloch) at Lucknow Research Centre of CIFE (U.P.). In: National Symposium on Biodiversity and Resource Management (September 11-13, 2002), 11. The Academy of Environmental Biology and National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow (U.P.) INDIA.

Chondar, S.L. (1994). Induced carp breeding. CBS Publishers and Distributors, NEW DELHI, INDIA.

Dehadrai, P.V., Yusuf, K. M. and Das, R. K. (1985). Package of practices for increasing production of air breathing fishes, p. 1-4. In Aquaculture Extension Manual. Information and Extension Division of CIFRI (ICAR), India.New Series.No. 3.

Fermin, J. D. T. (1992). Induction of oocyte maturation and ovulation in the freshwater Asian catfish Clarius macrocephalus by LHRHa and pimozide.J. Appl. Ichtyol., 8: 90-98.

Freund, F., Gabriele, H. S. andWolfang, H. (1995). Seasonality of the reproductive cycle of female Heterobranchus longifilis in tropical pond culture. Aquat. Living Resour., 8 : 297-302.

Hall, T. E., Smith, P. and Johnston, I. A. (2004). Stages of embryonic development in the Atlantic cod Gadusmorhua. J. Morphol., 259: 255-270.

Haniffa, K. A. and Sivasubbu, M., S. (2002). Induced spawning of spotted murrel (Channapunctatus) and catfish (H. fossilis) using human chorionic gonadotropin and synthetic hormone (Ovaprim).Vet. Arhiv.,72(1): 51-56.

Haniffa, M. A., Mohamed, S. J. and Rose, M. T. (1996). Induction of ovulation in Channastariatus (Bloch) by SGnRH. Fish Chimes., 16: 23–24.

Islam, A. (2005).Embryonic and larval development of Thai pangas (Pangasiussutchi) Fowler 1937). Dev. Growth Differ., 47: 1-6.

Kamler, E.M., Zlaminska, S.,Kuczynski, M.,Hamackova, J., Kourilm, J. and Daabrowski, R. (1994). Temperature induced changes in early development and yolk utilization in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. J. Fish Biol., 44 : 311-326.

Khan, H.A. (1972a). Induced breeding of air-breathing fishes. Indian Fanning., 22(4): 44-45.

Khan, H. A. (1972b). Breeding of catfishes under controlled condition. In: Central Indian Fisheries Research Institute Silver Jubilee Souvenir. pp73-78.

Kimmel, C. B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S. R.,Ullmann, B. and Schilling, T.F. (1995). Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Dev. Dyn., 203: 253-310.

Kim, Y. U., Park, Y. S. and Kim, D. S. (1987). Development of eggs, larvae and juveniles of loach, Misgurnus mizolepis, Gunther.Bull. Korean Fish Soc., 20: 6-23.

Kohli, M. S. P. and Vidyarthi, S. (1990). Induced breeding embryonic and larval development inHeteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in the agroclimatic conditions of Maharastra. J. Indian Fish. Assoc. 20: 15-19.

Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. and Kentouri, M. (2001). Osteological development of Dentexdentex (Osteichthyes : Sparidae): dorsal, anal, paired fins and squamation. Mar. Biol., 138: 399-406.

Marimuthu, K. and Haniffa, M. A. (2007). Embryonic and larval development of the striped snakehead Channa-striatus. Taiwania., 52 (1) : 82-92.

Mookerjee, H. K. and Mazumdar, S. R. (1950). Some aspects of the life history of Clariasbatrachus (Linn).Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal., 3: 71-79.

Ogunji, J. O. and Rahe, R. E. (1999).Larval development of the African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis VAL, 1840 (Teleostei,Claridae) and its larval behaviour.J. Aquacult. Trop.,14: 11-25.

Olufeagba, S. O., Raji, A., Majumda, K. C., Ravinda, K. and Okomoda, V. T. (2015). Induced breeding and early development of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (Siluridae).Int. J. Aquac., 5(13): 1-7.

Osman, A.G.M., Wuertz, S., Mekkawy, I. A.,Verreth, J. and Kirschbaum (2008). Early development of the African catfish Clariasgariepinus (Burchell, 1822), focusing on the ontogeny of selected organ. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 24: 187-195.

Pan, J.H. and Zheng, W.B. (1982).Observations on the embryonic and larval development of Clariasfuscus . Acta. Hydrobiol. Sin., 7: 445-454.

Pan, J.H. and Zheng, W.B. (1987). Observations on the embryonic and larval development of Clariaslazera. J. South China Normal Univ. Nat. Sci., 1: 19-27.

Parameshwaran, S. and Kamal, M.Y. (1988). Synoposis of biological data on the giant murrel, (Channa marulius), striped murrel (Channastriatus) and the spotted murel (Channapunctatus).Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute Bulletin, 53: 77-94.

Puvaneswari, A., Marimuthu, K., Karuppasamy, R. and Haniffa, M.A. (2009). Early embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.Eur. Asian J. Biosci., 3: 84-96.

Ramanathan, N., Natarajan, P., and Sukumaran, N. (1985). Studies on the induced spawning and larval rearing of a fresh water catfish Mystus punctatus (Jerdon). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Animal Science), 94: 389-398.

Roy, S. and Pal, B.C. (2006).Quantitative and qualitative analysis of spawning behavior of H. fossilis (Bloch) (Siluridae) in Laboratory aquaria.J. Fish Biol., 28 (3) : 247-254.

Saha, J.K. (1998).Studies on the induced breeding and post larval rearing of shing,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Bangladesh]. Fish. Res., 2(2): 10-15.

Thakur, N.K., Pal, R.N. and Khan, H.A. (1974a). Embryonic and larval development of an air-breathing catfish Clariasbatrachus (Linn).J. Inland Fish.Soc.,12 : 30-43.

Thakur, N.K., Pal, R. N. and Khan, H.A. (1974b). Embryonic and larval development of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 6 : 33-44.

Thakur, N.K., Naser, S.A.K. and Shell, M. (1977). Spawning behaviour of an air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Physiol. Behav., 19: 53-55.

Thakur, N.K. (1980). Notes on the embryonic and larval development of an air-breathing catfish Clariasbatrachus (Linn).J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 12: 30-43.

Wang, D. S., Zhang, Y. G. and Luo, Q.S. (1992).Observations on the larval development of Mystusmacropterus (Bleeker) Bagridae.J. Fish. Biol., 40: 371-379.

Zairin, M. Jr. and Furukawa, K.A. (1992). Induction of ovulation by HCG injection in the tropical walking catfish Clariasbatrachus reared under 23-25°C. Nippon Suisan Gakkaish, 59 : 1681–1685.

Zaki, M. I. and Abdula, A. (1983).The reproduction and development of Clarias gariepinus (Claridae) from Lake Manzala (Egypt). J. Ichthyol., 23: 48-58.

Study of Lethal Toxicity of Hilban® on Freshwater Catfish, Singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis; Bloch, 1794)

Abstract Views :198 | PDF Views:1

Authors

Sneha Verma ¹, Anurag Rawat ¹, Abha Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), IN

Source

Asian Journal of Bio Science, Vol 12, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 156-164

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the behavioural and morphological changes and acute toxicity of Hilban^(R)in freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. This study was conducted by exposing the fish to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.5 to 150μl/L) for 96 h along with control groups. The data were subjected to get LC₅₀ by probit analysis. The LC₅₀ values for chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 51.98, 18.91, 7.47 and 4.61μl/L, respectively. Fish exposed to higher concentration showed uncoordinated alterations in behavioural responses, especially erratic and jerky swimming, frequent surfacing and ingulping, mucus secretion, an increase in opercular movement and copious secretion of mucus all over the body. It is concluded that Hilban^(R) is highly toxic to catfish and severely affect their physiology and behaviour.

Keywords

Acute Toxicity, Chlorpyrifos, Heteropneustes fossilis, LC₅₀, Mortality.

Full Text

References

Adedeji, O.B., Adedeji, A.O., Adeyemo, O.K. and Agbede (2008). Acute toxicity of diazinon to the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Afr. J. Biotechnol.,7 : 651-654.

Ahmed, A.M. (1975). Acute toxicity of four organophosphorous insecticides to freshwater telcost Channel punctalus (Bloch). Pak J.ooi., 7: 133-140.

APHA, AWWA and WPCF (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington.

Barbhuiya, H.B. and Dey, M. (2014).Histopathological changes in liver tissue of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed chlorpyrifos (20% EC). Indian J. Appl. Res., 4 (7) : 237 - 240.

Begum, G. and Vijayaraghavan, S. (1995). In-vivo toxicity of dimethoate on protein and transaminase in the liver tissue of freshwater fish Clarius batrachus (Linn). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 54: 370-375.

Benli, A.C.K. and Ozkul, A. (2010). Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of sublethalfenitrothion on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Pest Biochem. Physiol., 97: 32–35.

Bloch, M.E. (1974). Naturgeschichte der auslandischen fische. Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Auslandischen Fische. 8: (1 ) : 361-396.

Bretaud, S. Toutant, J.P. and Saglio, P. (2000). Effects of carbofuran, diuron and nicosulfuron on acetylcholinesterase activity in goldfish (Carassiusauratus). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.,47, 117–124.

Chernyak, S.M., Rice, C.P. and Mc Connell, L.L. (1996). Evidence of currently-used pesticides in air, ice, fog, seawater and surface microlayer in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Marine Poll.Bull., 32(5): 410-41.

Chindah, A.C., Sikoki, F.D. and Vincent-Akpu, I. (2004). Toxicity of an organophosphate pesticide (chloropyrifos) on a common niger delta wetland fish - Tilapia guineensis (Blecker 1862). J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manag., 8 (2): 11-17.

Cook, L.W., Paradise, C.J. and Lom, B.(2005). The pesticide malathion reduces survival and growth in developing zebra fish. Environ.Toxicol. Chem., 24: 1745-1750.

Cong, N.V., Phuong, N.T. and Bayley, M. (2009). Effects of repeated exposure of diazinon on cholinesterase activity and growth in snakehead fish (Channastriata). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.,72: 699–703.

Dell’Omo, G., Bryenton, R. and Shore, R.F. (1997). Effects of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide on behaviour and acetylcholinesterase activity in the common shrew, Sorexaraneus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16 : 272–276.

De Mel, G.W.J.L.M.V.T.M. and Pathiratne, A. (2005). Toxicity assessmnet of insecticides commonly used in rice pest managemnt to the fry of common carp, Cyprinus carpio a food fish culturable in rice fields. J. Appl. Icthyol., 21: 146-150.

Devi, Y. and Mishra, A. (2013). Study of behavioural and morphological anomalies of fry fish of fresh water teleost, channa punctatus under chlorpyrifos intoxication. Internat. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 4 (1): 865874.

Drummond, R.A. and Russom, C.L. (1990). Behavioural toxicity syndromes, a promising tool for assessing toxicity mechanisms in juvenile fat-head minnows. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9 : 37–46.

Finney, D.J.(1971). Probit analysis.2nd Ed.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 333.1953.

Fisher, S.W. (1991).Changes in the toxicity of the three pesticides as a function of environmental pH and temperature. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 46: 197-202.

Fulton, M.H.and Key, P.B. (2001). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in estuarine fish and invertebrates as an indicator of organophophorus insecticide exposure and effects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20 : 37-45.

Gormley, K.L. and Teather, K.L. (2003). Developmental, behavioural and reproductive effects experienced by Japanese medaka (Oryziaslatipes) in response to short-term exposure to endosulfan. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 54 : 330–338.

Gul, A. (2005). Investigation of acute toxicity of chlorpyrifosmethyl on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) larvae. Chemosphere, 59 : 163-166.

Gupta, N. and Dua, A. (2010).Mercury induced behavioural alterations in Channa punctatus. Pollut. Res., 29 (4) : 721-723.

Halappa, R. and David, M. (2009). Behavioural responses of the fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio (Limmaeus) following sublethal exposure to chlorpyrifos. Turk J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 9 : 233-238.

Hansen, J.A., Marr, J.C.A., Lipton, J., Cacela, D. and Bergman, H.L. (1999).Difference in neuro behavioural response of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and rainbow trout, Oncorynchus mykiss exposed to copper and cobalt, behavioural avoidance. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18: 1972– 1978.

Heger, W., Jung, S.T., Martin, S. and Peter, H. (1995).Acute and prolonged toxicity to aquatic organism of new and existing chemicals and pesticides.Chemosphere, 31: 2702 - 2726.

Hill, Frances M. (1995). Managing service quality in higher education: the role of the student as primary consumer. Quality Assurance in Education, 3 (3): 10-21, https:/ /doi.org/10.1108/09684889510093497.

Holcombe, G., Phipps, G. and Tanner, D.(1982).The acute toxicity of kelthane, dursban, disulfoton, pydrin and permethrin to fathead minnows Pimephales promelas and rainbow trout Salmogairdneri. Environ. Pollut., 29 : 167-178.

Katja, S., Georg, B.O.S., Stephan, P. and Christian, E.W.S. (2005). Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and amixture of both on swimming behaviour, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquat.Toxicol.,71: 49-59.

Keizer, J., D’Agostino, G., Nagel, R., Volpe, T., Gnemid, P. and Vittozzi, L.(1995). Enzymological differences of AChE and diazinon hepatic metabolism: correlation of in vitro data with the selective toxicity of diazinon to fish species. Sci. Total Environ.,171: 213-220.

Khatun, K. and Mahanta, R. (2014). A study on the effect of chlorpyrifos (20% EC) on thyroid hormones in freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.) by using EIA technique. Sci. Probe, 2 (2): 8-16.

Koprucu, S.S., Koprucu, K., Ural, M.S., Ispir, U. and Pala, M. (2006). Acute toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon and its effects on behaviour and some hematological parameters of fingerling european catfish (Silurus glanis L.). Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 86 : 99-105.

Livingstone, D.R. (2001).Contaminant-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage in aquatic organisms. Bull. Marine Pollut.,42: 656-666.

Martin, J. (2003). A portrait of locomotor behaviour in Drosophila determined by a video-tracking paradigm. Behav. Process., 67(2) : 207-219.

Matsumoto, S.T., Mantovani, M.S., Malagutti, M.I.A., Dias, A., Fonseca, I.C. and Marin-Morales, M.A. (2006) . Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery effluents,as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the fish, Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion ischolar_main-tips.Genet. Mol. Biol., 29: 148-158.

Merler, P.R. and Hamilton, W.J. (1996). Mechanism of animal behaviour. John Wiley, NEWYORK, U.S.A.

Mueller-Beilschmidt, Doria (1990). Toxicology and environmental fate of synthetic pyrethrois. J. Pesticide Reform., 10 (3): 32-37.

Mushigeri, S.B. and David, M. (2005). Fenvalerate induced changes in the Ach and associated AchE activity in different tissues of fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) under lethal and sub-lethal exposure period. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 20 : 65–72.

Nimila, P.J. and Nandan, B. (2010). Effect of organochlorine pesticide lindane (-HCH) on behavior of Etroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795). Pollut. Res., 29 (4): 577-582.

Omitoyin, B.O., Ajani, E.K., Adesina, B.T. and Okuagu, C.N.F. (2006). Toxicity of lindane (Gamma Hexachloro-Cyclo Hexane) toClariusgariepinus (Burchell 1822).NorthWestern J. Zool., 1:57-63.

Onyedineke, N.E., Odukoya, A.O. and Ofoegbu, P.U. (2010). Acute toxicity tests of cassava and rubber effluents on the Ostracoda Strandesiaprava Klie, 1935 (Crustacea, Ostracoda).Res. J. Environ. Sci., 4 : 166172.

Pandey, A., Kumar, G.K. and Munshi, J.S.D. (1990). Integumentary chromatophores and mucus glands of fish as indicator of heavy metal pollution. J. Freshwater Biol., 2 : 117-121.

Pandey, S., Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Nagpure, N.S., Srivastava, S.K. and Verma, M.S. (2005). Acute toxicity bioassay of mercuric chloride and malathion on airbreathing fish Channapunctatus (Bloch). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 61: 114-120.

Pan, G. and Dutta, H.M. (1998). The inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterussalmoides by sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon. Environ. Res. Sec. A, 79 : 133-137.

Patil, V.K. and David, M. (2008). Behaviour and respiratory dysfunction as an index of malathion toxicity in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 8: 233-237.

Rao, D.M.R. (1989).Studies on the relative toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan to the Indian major carp, Catlacatla with special reference to some biochemical changes induced by the pesticide. Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 33 : 220-229.

Rao, J.V., Begum, G., Pallela, R., Usman, P.K. and Rao, R.N. (2005). Changes in behavior and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in mosquito fish Gambusiaaffinis in reference to the sublethal exposure of chlorpyrifos. Internat. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 2 (3):478-483.

Ree, G.E.and Paney, J.F. (1997). Effect of toxaphene on reproduction of fish. Chemosphere,34: 855-867.

Rice, J.P., Drews, C.D., Klubertans, T.M., Bradbury, S.P. and Coats, J.R. (1997). Acute toxicity and behavioural effects of chlorypyrifos, permethrin, phenol, strychnine and 2,4- dinitrophenol to 30 day old Japansemedaka (Oryziaslatipes). Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16 : 696-704.

Richmonds, C.R. and Dutta, H.M. (1992).Effect of malathion on the brain acetylcholinesterase activity of bluegill sunfish Lepomismacrochirus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 49: 431-435.

Samajdar, I. and Mandal, D.K. (2015).Acute toxicity and impact of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos on some haematological parameters of an Indian minor carp, Labeo bata (Hamilton 1822). Internat. J. Environ. Sci., 6 (1) :106 -113.

Scherrer, E.(1992). Behavioural responses as indicator of environmental alterations: approaches, results, developments. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 8: 122–131.

Scholz, N.L. Truelove, N.K. French, B.L. Berejikian, B.A. Quinn, T.P. Casillas, E. and Collier, T.K. (2000). Diazinon disrupts antipredator and homing behaviours in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 57: 1911–1918.

Shivakumar, R., Mushigeri, S.B. and David, M. (2006).Toxicity of endosulfan, cypermethrin and fenvalerate to freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. J. Ecobiol.,19 (4): 313 - 316.

Shukla, M.(1995).Toxicological assessment of some common pollutants on a freshwater fish. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, U.P. (INDIA).

Sprague, J.B. (1969). Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish: I Bioassay methods for acute toxicity. Water Res.,3: 793 - 821.

Srivastav, A.K., Srivastav, S.K. and Srivastav, A.K. (1997). Response of serum calcium and inorganic phosphste of freshwater ctafish, Heteropenustes fossilis, to Chlorpyrifos. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 58: 915 - 921.

Srivastav, V.K. and Singh, A. (2001). Studies of seasonal variation in toxicity of frequently used commercial organophosphate, carbamate and synthetic pyrethroids pesticides against freshwater fish Channa punctatus and behavioural responses to treated fish. Malaysian Appl. Biol., 30 :17-23.

Srivastav, A.K., Srivastav, S.K., Mishra, D., Srivastav, S. and Srivastav, S.K. (2002). Ultimobranchial gland of freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in response to deltamethrin treatment.Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 68: 584-591.

Srivastava, A.K., Mishra, D., Shrivastava, S., Srivastav, S.K. and Srivastav, A.K. (2010). Acute toxicity and behavioural responses of Heteropneustes fossilis to an organophosphate insecticide, dimethoate. Internat. J. Pharma Bio. Sci., 1(4): 359-363.

Susan, A.T., Sobha, K. and Tilak, K.S. (2010). A study on acute toxicity, oxygen consumption and behavioural changes in the three major carps, Labeo rohita (ham), Catla catla(ham) and Cirrhinus mrigala (ham) exposed to Fenvalerate. Bioresearch Bull., 1 : 33-40.

Tadehl, H. and Häder, D.P. (2001).Automated biomonitoring using real time movement analysis of Euglena gracilis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 48: 161-169.

Velmurugan, Selvanayagam, B.M., Cengiz, E.I. and Unlu, E. (2007). The effects of monocrotophos to different tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinusmrigala. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 78 (6): 450-454.

Venkata, R.V., Vijayakumar, M. and Philip, G.H. (2008).Acute toxicity and behavioural changes in freshwater fish Labeo rohita exposed to deltamethrin. J. Aquat. Biol., 23 (2) : 165-170.

Venkateswara, R.J. (2004). Effects of monocrotophos and its analogs in acetylcholinesterase activity’s inhibition and its pattern of recovery on euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 59 : 217-222.

Venkateswara, R.J., Parvathi, K., Kavitha, P., Jakka, N.M. and Pallela, R. (2004). Effect of chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos on locomotor behaviour and acetylcholinesterase activity of subterranean termites, Odontotermesobesus. Pest Manag. Sci., 61 : 417-421.

Wang, C., Lu, G., Gui, J. and Wang, P. (2009).Sublethal effects of pesticide mixtures on selected biomarkers of Carassiusauratus. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 28: 414 - 419.

Wasu, Y.H., Gadhikar, Y.A. and Ade, P.P. (2009). Sublethal and chronic effect of carbaryl and malathion on Clarias batrachus (Linn). J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manag., 13 (2) : 23-26.

Yadav, A., Neraliya, S. and Gopesh, A. (2007). Acute toxicity levels and ethological response of Channastriatus to fertilizer industrial wastewater. J. Environ. Biol.,28 (2) : 159-162.

Username
Password
Remember me