Informatics Publishing Limited

Kamaljit Kaur ¹, Amit Chhabra ¹, Gurvinder Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The problem of multiprocessor scheduling can be stated as finding a schedule for a general task graph to be executed on a multiprocessor system such that the schedule length can be minimized. The last job must be completed as early as possible. Multiprocessor task scheduling is an important and computationally difficult problem. Multiprocessor computing environment requires an efficient algorithm to determine when and on which processor a given task should execute. A task can be partitioned into a group of subtasks and represented as a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), that problem can be stated as finding a schedule for a DAG to be executed in a parallel multiprocessor system. The problem of scheduling and mapping meta-tasks to a machine is shown to be NP-complete. The solutions of NP-complete problems are based on heuristics approach. The execution time requirements of the applications' tasks are assumed to be stochastic. Genetic algorithm (GA) is one of the widely used techniques for constrained optimization. Performance of genetic algorithm can be improved with the introduction of some knowledge about the scheduling problem represented by the use of a min-min heuristic. In this paper the problem of same completion time and same precedence is resolved by using concept of Bottom-level (b-level). This combined approach named as improved genetic algorithm (IGA) based on min-min heuristic and b-level precedence resolution is finally compared with a pure genetic algorithm, min-min heuristic and First Come First Serve (FCFS) approach. Results of the experiments show that the improved genetic algorithm produces much better results in terms of quality of solutions.

Keywords

DAG, Multiprocessor Scheduling, Genetic Algorithm, Heuristics, Min-Min, NP-Complete.

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Kamaljit Kaur ¹, P. Vadivukkarassi ², Kiran Bala ³

Affiliations
1 Gurseva College of Nursing, Panam, Garshankar, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, IN
2 Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Shri Vinoba Bhave College of Nursing, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, IN
3 Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Mata Sahib Kaur College of Nursing, Mohali, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The onset of menstruation is one of the most important changes occurring among girls during the adolescent years but it is still regarded as something unclean or dirty in the Indian society. Unhygienic menstrual practices may affect their health such as increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections and other complications. So, girls should be educated about menstrual hygiene through health education in schools. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. An evaluative approach was adopted. Total 60 adolescent girls were selected by using purposive sampling technique during the month of February, 2012 from selected schools of Mohali district, Punjab. A self-administered structured knowledge questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene. Collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that most of the subjects were having low (50%) and average (48.3%) level of knowledge during pre-test. But, after planned teaching programme session most of the subjects were having good (50%) and excellent (48.3%) level of knowledge in post-test. The effectiveness of planned teaching Programme was found highly significant (p = 0.000). It was also found that majority of study variables were not significantly associated with knowledge level of adolescent girls except educational status of mother, family income per month and teacher as a source of information. It is concluded that planned teaching programme was an effective method to improve knowledge of adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene. The knowledge of adolescent girls has significant association with the educational status of their mother because mother is the primary source of information.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Planned Teaching Programme, Knowledge, Menstrual Hygiene, Menstruation, Hygiene, Adolescent Girls.

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